Download Climate Change & Adaptation in Indian Cities

Climate Change & Adaptation
in Indian Cities
Bedoshruti Sadhukhan
ICLEI South Asia
17 September 2014
Local Action Moves the World
• ICLEI - Local Governments for
Sustainability, is a membership
organization of local governments and
their associations.
• Mission of building and supporting a
worldwide movement of local
governments to achieve tangible
improvements in global sustainability with
special focus on environmental conditions
through cumulative local actions.
• Leading network of 1200 cities in 84
countries.
Why Cities?
Why cities?
• <3% land area
• >50% population
• 75% resources
Cities and Climate Change
A city is not an homogeneous entity
Who takes decisions within a city?
15 Local Authorities
1 Million private households
10 transport services providers
100 Construction companies
3 Local news provider
31% of Indian population
Centres of economic activity
High stress on infrastructure
30 Housing Associations
High resource consumption
3 Power plants
200 Engineering/planning firm
500.000 car/motorbikes owners
Source | Based on ICLEI – GIZ Internal advanced training on cities and climate change
Main emitters of GHGs
Why Cities & CCA?
• Urbanization contributing to
drivers of climate change –
– land use change,
– demand for energy
– demand for resources
• Opportunity for awareness
generation and action on CCA
– most people
– Most power
– Significant climate risks
Cities & Climate Change: Impacts
• Biodiversity
• Water
Ecosystems
Source: Wikipedia
Social
systems
CC
Source: Wikipedia
• Competition for
land, water, food
• Migration
Economic
systems
• Cost increase
• Resource loss
Source: Wikipedia
Development and Climate Change
Climate Adaptation supports Sustainable Development!
Adaptation helps
to secure
investments
Climate
Impacts &
Vulnerability
Climate
Change
Adaptation
Development
Adaptation
ensures
sustainability of
development
Climate friendly
development helps to
increase adaptive
capacities and to reduce
vulnerabilities
Development for the
well being, growth and
security of citizens
Need for CCA in cities
• Unavoidable environmental impacts even in the absence
of any further GHG emissions
• Ensure the functionality of urban systems in changing
climate and the related impacts
• Improved disaster risk management
• Ensure sustainability of development
• Safeguard current and future well-being of all social
groups as well as investments in infrastructure
Multiple Benefits: Overlaps between CCA & CCM
CCA
• Type of activity:
Reactive & Proactive
• Implementation: local
• Responsibility: local
• Geographical benefit:
local
• Temporal benefit:
immediate, shortmedium term
Overlaps
(Co-benefits)
• Green cover
Cooling effect
Carbon sink
• Building codes
Climate proofing
Reduced energy
• Sanitation
No water-logging
Reduced emissions
CCM
• Type of activity:
Proactive
• Implementation: Local
& global
• Responsibility: global
• Geographical benefit:
global
• Temporal benefit:
deferred, long-term
Need to identify co-benefits of climate protection actions
How can Cities engage in CCA?
Looking Back to Move Forward
Adaptation processes are not new BUT need to shift from Reactive to
Proactive Adaptation
Reactive Adaptation
Taking action when climate
change effects have been
experienced,
e.g.
evacuation camps
Proactive Adaptation
Taking
action
in
preparation of climate
change
impacts,
e.g.
climate
proof
infrastructure and services
How?
To start with, look back:
Past events and how the city dealt with them
Policies, Plans, Programs and Practices can also support and promote
climate adaptation – opportunity!
Looking at Current Policies & Practices
Six critical and key areas for a city to manage its approach to
climate change:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Strategies, Policies, Plans and Procedures
Information, Data, Tools and Processes
Staff Participation
Budget Allocation and Financing Processes
Existing Initiatives
Community Engagement
Role of Local Governments
Local governments …
• Manage urban growth
• Plan land use
• Provide infrastructure and services for a
growing number of people
• Facilitate economic growth and prosperity
• Secure livelihoods and social stability
Inform
& enable
Incentivize
Plan,
regulate &
control
• Protect the environment
Provide &
contract
Stakeholder Identification
Source: GIZ
Benefits of Stakeholder Engagement
Builds ownership
among stakeholders
Helps develop a
common
understanding
Relevant local
information sources
identified, compiled
and made accessible
Concerns of vulnerable
groups incorporated
Builds understanding
of divergent interests
of stakeholders
Climate Resilience Strategy
Development
Urban Systems and Climate Change
1. How does
city work
Urban poverty
reduction
Urban climate
change risk
Urban Systems
Indirect impact
Direct impact
Vulnerability
Climate
Change
Direct impact
Disaster risk reduction
3. Who is least able to respond to
shocks and stresses
Source: ARUP
2. What are the direct and
indirect impacts of climate
change
ICLEI ACCCRN Process
ICLEI PROJECTS WITH CITIES
ACCCRN
• ICLEI ACCCRN Process developed by ICLEI’s South Asia and Oceania offices with
support from the Rockefeller Foundation under their Asian Cities Climate
Change Resilience Network programme (see: www.acccrn.org)
• Consists of a tested Guide and Toolkit to help cities develop local climate
change resilience strategies
• Draws on past ACCCRN experience
A streamlined and replicable process that cities can implement without the need
for much external support
Benefits of ACCCRN
Awareness
generation about
potential risks and
city’s vulnerability
Better management of
climate change impacts
Knowledge exchange
with other cities and
technical partners
Development of
Climate Resilience
strategy
Integrating the
resilience strategy into
urban planning
12
months!!
Urban LEDS
• Promoting Urban Low Emission Development Strategies in Emerging Economy
Countries (Urban LEDS)
• India, Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa
• A pathway to transition a city to a low-emission, green and inclusive urban
economy, through its integration into city development plans and processes.
• ICLEI’s GreenClimateCities methodology is used in Urban LEDS
– Encouraging an integrated approach: Focus on ways to integrate local energy
development criteria into the local government (LG) approach towards overall
sustainable development strategy
– Using simplified methodology: Three phases – Analyze / Act / Accelerate - each
unfolding into three steps - All LAs are encouraged to set ambitious yet realistic
targets and act.
– Towards MRV Local Action: Measure, Report and Verify greenhouse gas emissions
and mitigation actions, and connecting to global reporting and advocacy processes
SUHAP in Nashik
Engagement
Baseline Data Collection and Analysis
Urban Systems
Analysis and Risk
Assessment
• Socio-economic data collection
•
••
••
•
•
••
•
•
•
 Population
 Slum population
Urban
Actors
 Sex
ratio Analysis
 Literacy
Adaptive
Capacity
of Urban
Identification
ofand
vulnerability
 Employment
occupation
hotspots
Systems
and
Urban
Actors
•
Shared
Learning
Validate
and further
Urban
Systems
dataelaborate
collectionpotential
Vulnerability
Assessment
Dialogue
 Water
Supplyagainst corresponding
impacts
listed
Emissions
–
• Inventory
Climate
projections
 Sewerage
vulnerable
urban
sectors,
and toand
prioritize

Storm
Water
Drainage
presentation
and
verification
impacts
analysis
them
according
to perceived risk / severity
 Solid
Waste Management
Data
gaps
analysis
•
Urban
Systems
Analysis social
 Land and
Use and
urban
planning
Validate
elaborate
on vulnerable
Risk
Energy
emissions
data
groups and
as•per
theAssessment
actors
analysis
collection
Discuss the observed energy consumption
 Municipal
levelward level
patterns
at the
 Community level
Local recommendations for identified
issues
Vulnerability
Assessment of
areas and
populations
• Identifying critical urban
• problems
Introductory
and
in vulnerable
Orientation Meeting
areas
Formationpossible
of Core
• • Identifying
Team and developing
solutions
• strategies
Formation of
StakeholderofGroup
• Prioritisation
strategies and
categorisation into
short/medium/long term
• Exploring possible
funding sources for
implementation
Ground Truthing
Exercise
Action
Planning
Thanks!
southasia.iclei.org