* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download NWP Workshop on Methods and Tools - ACP
Heaven and Earth (book) wikipedia , lookup
Climatic Research Unit documents wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Clean Development Mechanism wikipedia , lookup
Emissions trading wikipedia , lookup
Global warming controversy wikipedia , lookup
Climate resilience wikipedia , lookup
Fred Singer wikipedia , lookup
Climate sensitivity wikipedia , lookup
ExxonMobil climate change controversy wikipedia , lookup
General circulation model wikipedia , lookup
Climate change denial wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbon economy wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
Climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
Mitigation of global warming in Australia wikipedia , lookup
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
Attribution of recent climate change wikipedia , lookup
Media coverage of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate engineering wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in Tuvalu wikipedia , lookup
German Climate Action Plan 2050 wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Kyoto Protocol and government action wikipedia , lookup
Citizens' Climate Lobby wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Climate change adaptation wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in New Zealand wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on Australia wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate governance wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Years of Living Dangerously wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Economics of climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference wikipedia , lookup
Kyoto Protocol wikipedia , lookup
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme wikipedia , lookup
The Status of the Climate Change Negotiations and Implications for the CDM DNA National Workshop Belmopan 4 & 5 November 2010 Carlos Fuller Deputy Director The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre • Endorsed by the CARICOM Heads of Government in July 2002 • An intergovernmental specialized agency of CARICOM with an independent management that is guided by The CARICOM Council of Trade and Economic Development (COTED) on policy matters. A board of directors with responsibility for strategic planning. A technical secretariat headed by an Executive Director with responsibility for tactical planning. • The Centre is mandated to coordinate the regional response to climate change and its efforts to manage and adapt to its projected impacts. Operational since January 2004 Located in Belmopan, Belize • The Centre possesses full juridical personality. • Financially independent 2 Members ● ● ● Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados ● Belize ● Dominica ● Grenada ● Guyana ● Haiti ● Jamaica ● Suriname ● Saint Lucia ● St. Kitts and Nevis ● St. Vincent & the Grenadines ● Trinidad and Tobago Functional Organogram TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT The Centre coordinates the regional response to climate change and is the key node on climate change issues and the Caribbean's efforts to manage and adapt to climate change INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATING INSTITUTIONS OTHER CARICOM SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS CARIBBEAN DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCY UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES CARIBBEAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE CARIBBEAN INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY CUBA INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY UK MET SERVICE HADLEY CENTRE POTSDAM INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE IMPACT STUDIES UN INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING & RESEARCH FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY 4 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ● Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system…within a timeframe sufficient to allow eco-systems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.” UNFCCC – Developed Countries ● ● Commitment - To return individually or jointly to their 1990 levels of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2000 In fact, their emissions have risen UNFCCC ● Belize signed in 1992 ● Belize ratified in 1994 ● Convention came into force on 21 March 1994 ● ● At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established to draft an agreement to strengthen developed country commitments 8 negotiating sessions culminating in the Kyoto Protocol at COP 3 in 1997 Kyoto Protocol ● ● Parties included in Annex I (developed countries) shall reduce their overall emissions of GHGs by at least 5% below their 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012 Came into effect on 16 February 2005 when 50 Parties representing 55% of global GHG emissions ratified US withdrew Greenhouse Gases (GHG) ● Carbon dioxide (CO2) ● Methane (CH4) ● Nitrous oxide (N2O) ● Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ● Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) ● Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Sectors/Source Categories ● Energy ● Forestry ● Industrial Processes ● Agriculture ● Waste ● Solvent and other product use Parties and their assigned quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment Japan 94% Latvia 92% Liechtenstein 92% Lithuania 92% Luxembourg 92% Monaco 92% Netherlands 92% New Zealand 100% Norway 101% Poland 94% Portugal 92% Romania 92% Russian Federation 100% Slovakia 92% Slovenia 92% Spain 92% Sweden 92% ● Australia 108% Austria 92% ● ● ● ● Belgium 92% Bulgaria 92% Canada 94% Croatia 95% Czech Rep. 92% Denmark 92% Estonia 92% EU 92% Finland 92% France 92% Germany 92% Greece 92% Hungary 94% Iceland 110% Ireland 92% Italy 92% ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Switzerland 92% Ukraine 100% UK 92% USA 92% ● ● ● ● Flexibility Mechanisms ● Joint Implementation (Article 4) ● Emissions Trading (Article 6) ● Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (Article 12) Purpose of the CDM (Article 12.2) ● ● To assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development and achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention To assist developed countries in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments Kyoto Protocol ● ● ● ● First Commitment Period: 2008- 2012 Art. 3.9: CMP shall initiate consideration of commitments for subsequent periods at least 7 years before the end of the first commitment period 2005: CMP established the AWG-KP to define “subsequent commitment period(s), targets, …) Negotiations commenced … New gases? New sectors? ● ● International aviation and marine transport New Parties? What to do about the USA? AWG-LCA ● ● Dialogue on Long Term Commitments commenced in 2005 Bali Action Plan (2007) launched formal negotiations under the AWG-LCA Mitigation for developed and developing countries Adaptation Financing Technology Copenhagen ● Negotiations of AWG-KP and AWG-LCA should have concluded in Copenhagen in 2009 ● Failed ● Negotiations resumed in 2010 ● Unlikely to have a comprehensive agreement in Cancun in December 2010 Series of Decisions on other issues such as Adaptation, Finance, Forestry, Technology Issue: Mitigation by a few = Unfair Economic Competition USA KYOTO PARTIES MAJOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Future? ● ● ● ● ● EU will purchase credits from any projects initiated prior to 31 December 2012 Japan will purchase credits post 2012 EU will purchase credits from LDCs post 2012 for European Trading Scheme (ETS) Voluntary markets will continue Mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol incorporated in any new instrument