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Warm-up / EOC Prep 1. DNA that is derived from the DNA of two or more different species is called — A. recombinant DNA C. Plasmid B. mitochondrial DNA D. chloroplast DNA 2. Albino individuals lack all pigmentation so that their hair and skin are white. This family tree shows that albinism — A. is carried only by females in this family B. is a recessive genetic trait C. is a sex-linked gene D. requires both parents to be albinos Agenda Warm-up Notes Virtual Lab (on back of notes) DNA Fingerprinting Practice Clean-up Cool down DNA FINGERPRINTING DNA Fingerprinting Other than identical twins, no two individuals have the same genetic material. Scientists can use DNA sequencing gel technology to determine a DNA fragment’s nucleotide sequence. DNA Fingerprinting Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut in very specific places in a DNA sequence. Therefore if cut with the same restriction enzyme, the DNA of two different individuals will have different DNA fragment lengths DNA Fingerprinting These DNA fragments of different lengths, often called RFLPs or Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, are used to determine how closely related members of a population are to one another and to identify individuals DNA Fingerprinting A DNA fingerprint is a pattern of dark bands on photographic film that is made when an individual’s DNA restriction fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis and exposed to an X-ray film. Because restriction enzymes cut the DNA from different individuals into DNA fragments of different lengths (RFLPs), each individual has a unique pattern of banding or DNA fingerprint. Southern Blotting DNA Fingerprinting Determination of an individual’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments DNA Fingerprinting The banding patterns of two individuals can be compared to establish whether they are related, such as in a paternity case. Because it can be performed on a sample of DNA found in blood, semen, bone, or hair, DNA fingerprinting is useful in forensics. DNA Fingerprinting DNA fingerprints are also valuable for identifying genes that cause genetic disorders. DNA Fingerprinting Crime Scene Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 3 Suspect 4 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ DNA Fingerprinting Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4 __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ REVIEW Heterozygous or homozygous? Aa Tt ss HH rr yY PP What Blood type is it? OO AA BO AB BB AO If a cell starting meiosis has 40 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have? 20 chromosomes If a cell starting mitosis has 4 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells have? 4 chromosomes Complete the Ima Mystery Case worksheet (found on the back of guided notes 40) GGGGG DNA from site # of fragments 3 Size of fragments 5, 10, 5 AATTCACGAG AATTC FIND A PARTNER!! Every pair needs one stopwatch! Use your notes, textbook, vocabulary sheets to complete the Vocabulary Matching. See how fast you can complete it! After you finish, cover up the answers and see if you can do it faster this time! Put your team’s time on the back board. Cool-Down 1. If HaeIII was used to cut the DNA sequence below, how many fragments would result? (HaeIII cuts between guanine and cytosine) ATCTCACCGGTA TAGAGTGGCCAT 2. What are two ways to use the information from gel electrophoresis? Warm-Up / EOC Prep 1. A chart of human chromosome pairs is called a karyotype. What information is revealed in the karyotype above? A. Gene dominance B. The age C. The sex D. Trisomy 2. The DNA fingerprints were made from blood samples taken from a puppy and four possible sires of this puppy in an effort to determine the puppy’s pedigree. According to this information, which sire was probably the father of this puppy? A B C D