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Chromatin in a Normal Cell (one length from each parent) F Free Earlobe Gene f Allele Attached Dominant a Melanin Gene Albino P Extra Fingers a albino Polydactyly Gene ♂ P Extra Fingers ♀ Allele that may be masked by another Heterozygous Allele that may mask the presence of another Recessive A version of a gene The 2 alleles are different Homozygous The 2 alleles are identical Chromatin in a Normal Cell (one length from each parent) F Free Earlobe Gene f attached a Melanin Gene albino P Extra Fingers a albino Polydactyly Gene ♂ P Extra Fingers ♀ Genotype The set of alleles an organism possesses Phenotype The genetic outcome resulting from the genotype Inheritance f f f f f F F f F F F F Exact copies Pure bred parents PP P x pp p P p What will the F1 offspring look like? Phenotype = 100% Purple Genotype = 100% Heterozygous P p What will the F2 offspring look like? Phenotype = 75% Purple 25% white Genotype = 100% Homo. Dominant, 50% Hetero., 25% Homo. Recessive Dihybrid Cross GgYy GY Gy gY gy GY GGYY GGYy GgYY GgYy Gy GGYy GGyy GgYy Ggyy gY GgYY GgYy ggYY ggYy gy GgYy Ggyy ggYy ggyy PHENOTYPE G-Y- : 9 G-yy : 3 ggY- : 3 ggyy : 1 Law of segregation: two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed Law of Independent assortment: Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation Codominance Both alleles are detectable in a specimen Gene: Cattle coat color Alleles CR = red CW = White Genotypes C RC R = red coat CWCW = white coat C RC W = roan coat Multiple Alleles More than two alleles exist for a gene Human Blood Type A I IB i = Type A carbs on RBC surface = Type B carbs on RBC surface = Neither type on RBC surface Multiple Alleles Blood Type Genotype Antibodies Universal Acceptor Universal Donor Linked Genes Polygenic Chrom.15 Chrom.19 Dominance Brown over Blue over Green Sex linked: traits are tied to X or Y r Y X R X R X R r X Y R r R X X X X R X Y X R X r X R Y R X XR XR Y r R X X r X Y Sex linked: traits are tied to X or Y Color blindness:males Recessive xrlinked Y X Abnormal production of pigment(protein) R R r R Does redY X notXabsorb X X green light R X R r X X R X Y X R X r X R Y R X XR XR Y r R X X r X Y Sex influenced Trait not tied to sex chromosome Autosomal chromosome produces protein which affects the production of other proteins. Testosterone affects the production and location of hair in males. Patterns of Inheritance Polygenic: Eye color, skin color, height Complex characters: Skin color=sun, Multiple alleles: Blood type Incomplete Dominance: Red x White= Pink X-linked: Color blindness, fruit fly eyes Sex influenced: Male pattern baldness Single alleles: Huntington’s disease,