Download Vocabulary Review

Biological Diversity
Review
Mrs. Carrick 2013
1
What organelle
contains the
genetic material
(DNA) of the cell?
GENETICS
The study of how characteristics are
transmitted from parent to offspring:
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• WHAT PHASE?
•The nucleolus and nuclear
membrane are distinct
•The chromosomes look like
a bunch of string
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Nuclear
Membrane
HEREDITY
Transmission of characteristics from
parent to offspring
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What do the dark pink and light pink
bands on the chromosomes represent?
Alleles
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It has been proven that
this can cause skin
cancer…what is the
“scientific” word that
we use to describe it’s
ability to cause a
mutation/cancer?
• WHAT PHASE?
•The chromosomes line
up along the “Equatorial
Plate”
• Sister chromatids are
attached to the spindle
fibers
PHENOTYPE
Physical / outward feature that is
determined by the genotype
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• WHAT STAGE?
•The chromosomes are
at the poles and begin
to thin-out (become
more yarn like again)
• The nuclear
membrane reforms
DOMINANT
The stronger of two alleles that shows
up most often
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Centrioles
• WHAT PHASE?
•The chromosomes thicken
(look like chromosomes)
• The nuclear membrane
disintegrates and isn’t visible
• Centrioles move to opposite
poles of the cell & Spindle
fibres appear
Spindle Fibres
HOMOZYGOUS
Having identical alleles
(AA or aa)
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• WHAT PHASE?
•The chromatids of
each chromosomes N
separate and move
towards the poles of
the cell
S
• What does this image
represent?

HETEROZYGOUS
A genotype having one dominant and
one recessive allele
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Directly altering the DNA of an
organism is called…
Genetic Engineering
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ALLELES
Two forms of a gene
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GENES
Instructions on DNA that code for
specific traits
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RECESSIVE
The weaker of two alleles in a pair that
is often masked by the dominant allele
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Acacia trees have special growths which serve as food for ants.
The ants aggressively attack herbivores which disturb the acacia
and will also cut away the branches of other plants which touch
the acacia.
Which type of symbiotic relationship do the ants and the acacia
have?
Gene combination in the offspring
(hint* not clearly visible)
GENOTYPE
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Behavioural Adaptations

Adaptations that help an animal survive are
called__________________.

Can be learned or instinctive
EXAMPLE
◦ Migration
CAPITAL
Type of letter used to represent a
dominant allele
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PUNNETT SQUARE
This is used to solve genetics problems
(hint* shows the probabilities)
25
What is the difference between Asexual and Sexual
reproduction?
What would be a better example of an
“ex-situ” conservation strategy:
A) Wood Buffalo National park, or
B) The Edmonton Valley Zoo?
The Edmonton Valley Zoo
27
The sides, or “handrails,” of DNA
are made of ___________ and
_____________
Sugars & Phosphates
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Polar bears and grizzly bears are closely
related but tend to live in different areas.
Explain one adaptation a polar or grizzly
bear has and how that adaptation makes
it better suited for the environment it
live in?
The cross pieces, or “rungs,” are
made of _________________
BASES or BASE PAIRS
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The process of selecting and
breeding individuals with
desirable traits to produce
offspring with the desired traits.
Artificial Selection
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The same two bases always pair:
____________&____________
____________&____________
Adenine &Thymine (A, T)
Cytosine & Guanine (C, G)
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What form of Artificial Selection is this?
Artificial Insemination
33
Damaged chromosomes or
mismatched base pairs are
called:
Mutations
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What form of artificial selection is this?
In Vitro Fertilization
35

Curly hair is dominant to straight hair. If
a homozygous dominant female has
children with a straight haired male,
what are the genotypes and phenotypes
of their offspring?
G: 100% Cc
P: 100% Curly Haired Children
36
The shape of DNA is
known as:
Double Helix
37
Knowing that this
organism is
asexually
reproducing, what
is the method it is
using?
BINARY FISSION
39
Explain the difference between a
phenotype and a genotype?
What would be a better example of an
“in-situ” conservation strategy:
A)Kootenay National Park, or
B) Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary in Australia
Kootenay National Park
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
Is this animal a GENERALIST
or a SPECIALIST?
42
Describe the niche of a Koala Bear in Australia
HINT** Broad or Narrow?

Anything that helps an organism
survive in its environment is
an______
Adaptation

Is this a GAMETE or SOMATIC cell?
Gamete
A ___________________ adaptation involves some
part of an animal's body.
 Ex:

◦ Teeth
◦ Body coverings
◦ Movement
Structural adaptations
What 2
levels are
missing?
CLASS and SPECIES
What is this an
example of?
SPECIATION
SOUTH SIDE:
• Mostly Desert
NORTH SIDE:
• Ponderosa
Pine Forests
SQUIRREL:
• White Bellies
• Dark tails
Grand
Canyon
River = barrier
SQUIRREL:
• Black bellies
•White Tails
Final Hint:

Definitely look over your notes on:
INDIVIDUAL  POPULATION  COMMUNITY  ECOSYSTEM
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