Download File - Mr. Banks

Name: _________________
8th Grade science – Genetics test study guide
Period: _________
You will have until the day of the test to fill out the study guide COMPLETELY.
THIS IS A GRADED ASSIGNMENT.
What is a trait? ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Who is the father of genetics? ________________________________________
What organisms did he study? __________________________________
What are purebred organisms? _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Describe mendel’s experiments below
What sort of organisms did mendel have in the P generation? _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What does P in P generation stand for? ______________________________
What happened in the F1 generation? __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What does the F in the F1 generation stand for? __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What happened when two organisms from the F1 generation were mated to make the F2 generation?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What is a gene? ___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What are the different forms of a gene called? _____________________
Everyone has how many copies of every gene? ___________________ Where do they come from?
____________________________________________________
Describe the relationship between dominant and recessive alleles? ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Are dominant alleles better than recessive alleles? ______________
What is a hybrid organism? __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Capital letters represent ________________________ alleles.
Lowercase letters represent _________________________ alleles.
What is a phenotype? _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What is a genotype? ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
An organism that has two copies of the same allele for a gene (ex. hh or HH) is known as
____________________________________
An organism that has two different alleles for a gene (ex. Hh) is known as
____________________________________
What is probability? ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What are punnet squares used for? ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Explain what would happen if we crossed a purebred green flower with a purebred orange flower if
flower color is codominant. ___________________________________________________________
Explain what would happen if a purebred black cow was crossed with a purebred white cow if the
gene for cow fur color is incomplete dominant. ___________________________________________
What does DNA stand for? ___________________________________________________________
What does DNA do? ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Where is DNA located? _____________________________
What is DNA shaped like? ___________________________________________________________
What are chromosomes? ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Why is DNA formed into chromosomes? ________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
How many pairs of chromosomes do people have? ______________
How many total chromosomes do people have? ____________
Where do those chromosomes come from? _____________________________________________
How many total genes do people have? _____________________
What is the purpose of the X and Y chromosomes? _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Males have what two sex chromosomes? ___________
Females have what two sex chromosomes? ___________
What is the difference between an acquired and an inherited trait? ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What are three examples of an acquired trait? ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What are three examples of an inherited trait? ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Describe a trait that is both acquired and inherited ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What is selective breeding? __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Why do humans selectively breed plants and animals? _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
How do you selectively breed an organism? _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What is inbreeding? ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What advantages does inbreeding have? _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What disadvantages does inbreeding have? _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What is hybridization and what advantages does hybridization have? _________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
You have a pair of rats that you want to breed one is homozygous dominant for tail length and one is
heterozygous for the trait. Long tails are recessive and short tails are dominant. Use a punnet square
to predict the probability that the offspring will have a long tail? What is the probability that the
offspring will have the genotype of “Tt”?
If one rat in a pair has the genotype of “tt” the The other has a genotype of “Tt”. What are the
phenotypes of the offspring going to be? What is the probability of each phenotype in the offspring?
Use a punnet square to figure out the results.
You have another pair of rats, both with the dominant phenotype. They have many, many offspring,
after observing all of their offspring it is found that roughly 25% have short tails and 75% have long
tails. What is the likely genotype for the parents?