Download Forensics - Serology Study Guide

Forensics - Serology Study Guide
Write the answers on a separate piece of paper.
1. In 1901 __discovered that blood has different types. He won the Nobel Prize for this discovery.
2. We call the system he started developing the __ system.
3. Before DNA analysis, __ was commonly used to link a person to a crime.
4. The fluid part of blood is called plasma. Plasma is composed mostly of water and makes up __%
of blood content.
5. Suspended in the plasma are solid materials, mostly red blood cells called __ and white blood cells
called ___.
6. The solid part of blood accounts for __% of its content.
7. Blood clots when a protein called __ traps the red blood cells. After the clotted blood is removed,
a pale yellowish liquid called __ is left behind.
8. Bloods function is to transport __ from the lungs to tissues and to transport __ from the tissues to
the lungs.
9. On the surface of each blood cell are chemical structures called __.
10. The A-B-O and Rh systems are the best known and most important. If an individual has type A
blood they have the __ antigen located on its surface.
11. A person with type AB has ___ antigens on its surface.
12. A person with type O has __ antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.
13. Serum is important because it contains proteins known as __.
14. What is the fundamental principle of blood typing?
15. Antibodies are __, meaning they have two reactive sites, so they can attach to two cells at the same
time. This causes clumping of the cells known as __.
16. The __ test is used to confirm blood is blood. It combines phenolphthalein, hydrogen peroxide and
the dried blood sample.
17. These will react with the __ in the blood to turn a deep pink color.
18. The __test is another presumptive test for blood resulting in the production of light instead of
color.
19. Once the stain has been confirmed as blood, the next step is to determine whether the stain is of
human origin. The most common test is the __ test.
20. The __ is the basic unit of heredity.
21. Genes are located on __.
22. What does agglutination mean?
23. The chromosomes are located in the nucleus of the cell. Humans have ___pair of chromosomes.
24. __ = female (sex chromosomes), __ = male (sex chromosomes)
25. The position a gene occupies on a chromosome is its __.
26. Alternate forms of genes that influence a given characteristic and are aligned with one another on
a chromosome are known as __.
27. A gene pair made up of two different alleles is said to be __ (AB, AO, BO).
28. A gene pair made up of two of the same alleles is said to be __. (AA, OO)
29. The recessive characteristics of O will appear only when both recessive alleles are __.
30. A pair of alleles together constitutes the __of the individual. It tells us both alleles present (AO,
BO). (phenotype or genotype)
31. A person’s __ is the outward expression of their genetic make-up. (phenotype or genotype)
32. A __square can be used to determine a person’s genotype.
33. What does it mean if a person is a “secretor”?
34. What are seven things that can possibly be learned from the study of blood stains
at a crime scene? (do not include the blood type)
37. Does blood have class or individual characteristics?
38. What causes a blood drop shaped like an exclamation point?
39. Describe how you would determine the origin of blood stains at a crime scene.
40. What are the nucleotides composed of?
41. What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
42. What are the four bases in DNA?
43. Which bases pair up together?
44. What are proteins made of?
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
How many amino acids are there?
What was the goal of the Human Genome Project?
What are three differences between mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA?
What is CODIS and how is it used?
Describe the differences between a low, medium, and high velocity spatter?
How many pints of blood does a human have inside them?
What did Dr. Lattes contribute to forensics?
What is a Barr Body?
What is a drawback of using luminol?
How does a gel diffusion test work?
What is a secretor?
What are 7 factors that affect the type of bloodstains?
What were Glaister’s 6 types of blood splashes?
What are two benefits of reconstructing a crime scene?
What are the characteristics of a blood dropped on a smooth surface?
What are the characteristics of a blood dropped on a rough surface?
What is a “shadow” as it relates to blood spatter?
What did Azaria Chamberlain’s clothes reveal?
What did Lindy Chamberlain say happened to Azaria?
What is a hema stick?
How much blood did they estimate Caren Campano lost at the crime scene?
How did they identify the body of Caren Campano?
How did prosecutors use blood evidence to try to convict Craig Perry?
How did Stuart James recreate the high velocity spatter found on Craig’s pants?