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Download Chapter 5: Heredity Section1- Genetics
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Chapter 4 Part 2- Genetics Since Mendel Life Science Question… If you crossed Purebred Red fouro’clock plants with Purebred White four-o’clock plants, what would the offspring look like? Remember… they were Pink !?!?! Incomplete Dominance- when two homozygous parents combine, the offspring results in a mixed (or blended) phenotype The evil Grey chicken!?!?! When neither allele for a trait is Dominant. The phenotype produced is a blending between the two homozygous parents. – The combining of Purebred Red & Purebred White produced PINK plants. Although Mendel studied peas that were controlled by two alleles, many traits can be controlled by more than two alleles… Multiple Alleles A trait that is controlled by Having more than two alleles is controlled by Multiple Alleles. Traits controlled by Multiple Alleles produce more than three phenotypes of that trait. Example of Multiple Alleles… Blood Types: A, B, AB, and O. – The O allele is recessive to both A and B Other Worksheet… Phenotype: A Genotype: AA or Ao Genotype B– BB or Bo Genotype AB – AB Genotype O– oo Genotype A and B are _______________ alleles o is _________________ “A Blood” you need _____ and _____ _____ and _____ “B Blood” you need _____ and _____ _____ and _____ “AB Blood” you need _____ and _____ shows______________ “o Blood” you need _____ and _____ Because it’s ___________ Polygenic Inheritance Polygenic Inheritance- when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce one trait. – Which creates more variety in phenotypes What would be an example? Many traits such as…Eye Color, Hair Color, Skin tone, & Handspan are traits produced by a combination of genes. Human Genes & Mutations What are Mutations?!?!? Mutations Mutations - a permanent change in the DNA sequence A mutation can be harmful, beneficial, or cause no effect. Chromosome Disorder Chromosome disorders- caused by more or fewer chromosomes than normal –Downs Syndrome- caused by an extra chromosome (trisomy) at Chromosome 21 Recessive Genetic Disorders Recessive Genetic Disorders are disorders passed through the Recessive alleles. Both parents contain the recessive allele (containing the disorder) that comes together in the offspring. When both parents are Heterozygous, they do not show any symptoms – (Called “carriers” for the trait.) Example- Cystic Fibrosis is a homozygous recessive disorder. Sex-Linked Disorders An allele inherited on a sex chromosomes ( X or Y ) is called a sex-linked gene. Inherited conditions are linked with the X and Y chromosomes. Example- Color Blindness and Hemophilia Pedigree- used to follow or trace traits through generations of a family. Section 3 III. Advances in Genetics A. Genetic Engineeringexperimentations that changes the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene. Types: 1. Recombinant DNA Inserting a useful section of DNA into a bacteria Example- Creating Insulin (Page 143) 2. Gene TherapyWhen a “normal allele” is placed into a virus, the virus then delivers the normal allele when it infects a specific cell. (Figure 13 Page 144) May be used to control Cystic Fibrosis and other disorders. 3. Genetically Engineering PlantsPlants are created by genetically inserting the desired genes of one plant into another plant you want to show those genes. Also genetically engineered: ANIMALS “Cloning”