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Transcript
11-3 Vocab and Notes Genetics Unit Exploring Mendelian Genetics Independent assortmentIndependent segregation of genes during the formation of gamates. Incomplete dominance situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another. Codominance situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism. Multiple alleles • three or more alleles of the same gene Multiple Alleles • Three or more alleles of the same gene. Polygenic Traits • Trait controlled by two or more genes I. Independent Assortment a. Principle of Independent Assortment: genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. Independent Assortment b. 2-Factor Cross i. Predicting the genetic combination of two different traits crossed at the same time ii.Example- Round and yellow peas crossed with shriveled and green peas 2. Incomplete Dominance a.When the heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in between the two homozygous phenotypes b.In some cases, no allele is completely dominant c. Example- Red flowers crossed with white flowers produce pink flowers 3. Co-dominance a.When both alleles contribute to the phenotype of an organism b. Example- Cattle alleles for red hair are co-dominant with the allele for white hair, and if both alleles are present, then the coat color has a mixture of red and white hair (roan) 4. Polygenic traits a. When the trait is controlled by the interaction of several genes (two or more) b. These traits often show a wide range of phenotypes because of the many allele combinations c. Example- Skin color in humans (controlled by more than 4 different genes)
