Download Probability and Independent Assortment 11.2

Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective:
Name: ANSWER KEY
Probability and Independent Assortment 11.2
Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question: How does biological information pass from one generation to another?
Questions:
Notes:
How can we use probability ♥ Probability is how likely (or probable) something is to occur
to predict traits?
♥ Past outcomes do not affect future ones
Segregation to predict traits
♥ Allele assortment is random but there is a chance (probability) of traits being passed on
♥ The larger the group of offspring, the more likely results will match predictions
♥ Heterozygous alleles – Gg (1 dominant and 1 recessive)
♥ Homozygous alleles – GG or gg (two dominant or two recessive)
How are genotype and
♥ Mendel discovered each individual has a genetic make up and a set of observable traits
phenotype related to traits?
♥ Phenotype are physical traits (“p” for physical)
♥ Genotype are the inherited genes (“g” for genes)
♥ Phenotype probability can be predicted from the genotype using a punnett square
How do alleles segregate
♥ This means: do dominant alleles always stay together or randomly assort?
when more than one gene
o Dihybrid = 2 gene cross
Is involved?
o Monohybrid = 1 gene cross
♥ Principle of Independent Assortment – genes for different traits segregate independently
During the formation of gametes -> alleles do not stay together.
♥ Independent assortment is why there is variation in organisms that share parents.
♥ Mendel’s results found a typical assortment of F2 dihybrid cross has a ratio of 9:3:3:1
Summary:
Mendel formed the basis of modern genetics by finding that genes were passed from parent to offspring & if a gene for a
trait has two or more forms (alleles) then some alleles are dominant and some are recessive. Also he discovered genes
Segregate (separate) to form reproductive gametes and these genes assort (separate) independently of each other.
Questions:
Summary:
Notes: