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Proteins • . essential life substance of all living matter . • act as structural unit to build our bodies . • specific structural chemical units amino acids • amino [alkaline substance carbon, hydrogen ,o2& NH2. 10-1 • Essential amino acid are 9 in number : • Significant in our diet . • The body unable to syntheses these 9 amino acid so get it from our food 10-2 *types of protein : • 1-myosin : found in muscle ,has role in contraction & relaxation of muscle . • 2-collagen: has role in strength of bone . • 3-hemoglobin attach with iron in the RBCs ,help in carrying o2. • 4- albumin : major plasma protein . • 5- globulin : alpha beta gamma globulin ,act as antibodies of immuno system 10-3 • complete protein foods comes from animal source as egg ,milk, cheese , meat . • Incomplete proteins food : plant food ,deficient of one or more essential amino acid , mostly of plant origin grains ,legumes ,nuts seeds . • Mixture of protein animals & plant animals give balance in the ratio of amino acid . 10-4 • Functions of protein : • A- growth & tissue building maintenance . • B- specific physiological roles : • Some types of amino acid used as neurotransmitter substance in the brain . • Aid in metabolic hormones as thyroxin • C- available energy 10-5 • **digestion ,absorption & metabolism of proteins: • @ mouth : mechanical break down of food by chewing food mix it with saliva ,push it to stomach . • @ stomach : break down of protein to small particles by secreting enzymes pepsin ,HCL ** provide acidic media to convert pepsinogen to pepsin 10-6 • Rennin : found in infancy & childhood to digest milk , rennin prevent too rapid passage of food from the child stomach . • @ small intestine :alkaline media in the intestine ,also pancreatic secretion like trypsin & chemotropism. 10-7 • ** absorption of amino acid : • the end product of protein digestion is the amino acid ,which is water soluble so absorption occur through blood stream . • absorption of amino acid at duodenum carried by pyridoxine [ vit B 6 ]. 10-8 • Metabolism of protein : • Important protein balance is anabolism & catabolism . • Protein more found in liver ,pancreas ,kidney & plasma lower protein in the brain ,muscle ,& skin . • Tissue catabolism occur in case of starvation & aging process 10-9 • { tissue break down are exceed than tissue building } . • Destruction of protein resulted in ; urea , uric acid ,ammonia 10-10 • Protein requirement : • Protein is essential nutrient . • Under develop countries protein energy malnutrition . • Primary role of amino acid important for growth ,& maintenance of tissue 10-11 • Age ,body size ,general physical state has role in protein requirement . • Disease increase need of protein diet especially in case of fever . • Traumatic injury ,post surgical state require protein for wound healing . • In case of burn , the need of protein increased . • . 10-12 • Protein should be adequate in quantity & quality. • The need of protein increase in case of pregnancy 10-13