* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 6.1 Mutation
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Mutations March 42, 2009 Catalyst: When you hear the word mutation, what do you think of? Write at least three complete sentences. Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Catalyst! Objectives By the end of today, all SWBAT… Define a mutation Explain how mutations contribute to variation. Alright: New Unit!!! Evolution We are beginning a two-week unit about evolution. We are going to learn some things such as: Why do some people have lighter skin and other have darker skin? Why would a cuckoo bird lay her eggs in another birds’ nest? Why did white moths become less common and gray moths become more common near a factory? The answer can all be found in evolution! Introduction/Bridge Evolution is DIRECTLY related to genetics. The traits of all living things are found in their DNA/chromosomes. Why are there differences between people? Why are there any differences among the individuals of any living thing? Mutations Key Point #1 A mutation is a change in the sequence of DNA. Example: The gene for making insulin (a protein that regulates your blood sugar), could have the DNA sequence of GTA-CGT-ACC-GTAACT… Figure it out yourself! (10 mins) You need your codon tables from the genetics unit First, circle the difference in each mutation from the original After you finish, answer the question… Which mutation would cause the biggest change? Why does that matter? Your DNA has instructions to make the proteins!!!! Changes in your DNA are copied into your RNA. That faulty RNA is used to pick the amino acids in your protein. What could possibly happen if you have the wrong amino acids???? DNA RNA Protein Correct Protein 1 Original correct DNA sequence: A-ACT CAU-GCA-UGG-CAU-UGA GTA-CGT-ACC-GT Histidine-Alanine-Tryptophan- Histidine-STOP Messed Up Protein 1 Mutated (switching one base): C-ACT CAU-GCA-UGG-CAG-UGA GTA-CGT-ACC-GT Histidine-Alanine-Tryptophan- Glutamine-STOP Messed Up Protein 2 Mutation (switching one base) T-GTC-ACT CAU-GCA-UGA-CAG-UGA GTA-CGT-AC Makes amino acid sequence: Histidine-Alanine-STOP Messed Up Protein 3 Mutation (inserting a base): A-CGT-AAC-T GTA-CGT-AC GTA-CGT-ACA-CGT-AAC-T CAU-GCA-UGU-GCA-UUG-A Histidine-Alanine-Cysteine-Alanine- Leucine What CAUSES mutations? Radiation Radioactive materials UV radiation Old age Mutations Key Point #2 Mutations occur randomly in the DNA of living organisms. This causes variation. Variation is the differences among individual phenotypes. Example: Eye color in humans. More Variation Examples Quickness in gazelles. Leaf Size for a tea plant It’s all about the babies Key Point #3 Mutations can either increase fitness, decrease fitness, or not change fitness What do you think fitness means? Fitness: ability of an organism to pass Amount of muscles? NO! on to the next generation. its genes Heart rate? NO! Practice! There is a mutation that causes fur color in bears to become white. When would this increase fitness and why? In snowy areas, this would increase fitness because these bears would be able to hide easier. They could catch more prey, live longer, and reproduce more. When would this decrease fitness and why? In darker areas (such as the forest), this would decrease fitness because these bears would stand out. They would not be able to live as long and then they would reproduce less. When would this not change fitness? If the bear was in an area where it did not need to hide, it may not change fitness. This would change how much they reproduce. Practice There is a mutation that causes rabbits to have longer ears. When would this increase fitness? When would this decrease fitness? When would this not change fitness? Practice There is a mutation that causes trees to grow shorter. When would this increase fitness? When would this decrease fitness? When would this not change fitness? Exit Question What is a mutation? How do mutations contribute to variation? Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Exit Question!