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“If I Fail” by Tupac
If in my quest 2 achieve my goals
I stumble or crumble and lose my soul
Those that knew me would easily co-sign
There was never life as hard as mine
No father-no money-no chance and no guide
I only follow my voice inside
if it guides me wrong and I do not win
I'll learn from mistakes and try 2 achieve again.
Catalyst
What are the four macromolecules
and their function?
Use the top of the note sheet!!
Essential Question
How do enzymes maintain
homeostasis within the human body?
Chemical
Reactions
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions: change one substance to another
For Example:
2H2O2➝ 2H2O+O2
A Chemical Journey
Follow the arrow
2H2O2 ➝ 2H2O+O2
Reactant(s) = Substrate(s):
come BEFORE the arrow
Product(s): come
AFTER the arrow
Quick Practice
Circle the substrate(s)
Box the product(s)
1. NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
2. 2HCl + Zn  H2 + ZnCl2
3. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy
4. 6H2O + 6CO2 + Sun  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Enzymes
Catalyst: something that speeds up a
chemical reaction
Enzyme: proteins that speed up/help jump
start reactions in an organism
Therefore enzymes are catalysts because
they speed up biochemical reactions
• We need enzymes for every process that
happens in our bodies!
e.g. Digesting food, replicating DNA
Enzymes (Notes)
Substrate: the material that an enzyme
binds to and breaks down
Complex: enzyme and substrate together
Active site: Where the enzyme and substrate
bind together
Specificity
(speh-sah-fi-ci-tee)
activity
Say:
Student 1: I am a specific enzyme (hold up piece)
Student 2: I am the specific substrate (hold up piece)
Together: We bind together at the active site
(put together pieces) to produce a product
Enzymes (Notes)
Enzymes often end in -ase
•
•
Lactase breaks down lactose
Amylase breaks down amylose
Use your own first name to make up your personal
enzyme breaks down substrate combination. Make
sure to use -ase and -ose
Write on your paper
Ex: Jamalase breaks down Jamalose
Quick Check
1. What’s a substrate?
2. What do enzymes usually end in?
3. Is catalase an enzyme or a substrate? How do
you know?
4. What do you predict is the substrate for the
enzyme sucrase?
Enzyme Specificity
Enzymes are specific:
• They only work with one substrate
• The enzyme and the substrate fit together like
a lock and a key
Enzymes are reusable: meaning _________
therefore the enzyme is not changed during
a reaction
The substrate is changed, it becomes the
product(s)
Why does some food dissolve in my
mouth, but other macromolecules do
not????
Enzymes (Notes)
enzyme
lactase
lactose + H2O
substrate
glucose + galactose
products
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
Enzymes DECREASE the amount of
activation energy required for a chemical
reaction to occur.
Activation energy: is the amount of energy required
for reactant molecules to begin a chemical reaction
Activation Energy
Reaction without
Enzyme
Reaction with
Enzyme
Reactions without an enzyme: require more energy to
start
Reactions with an enzyme: require less energy to start
Factors That Influence Enzyme Rates
The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by
1. amount of substrate
2. Temperature
3. pH
pH: Measurement of how acidic (0-7) or Basic (7-14) a solution
pH = 7 is neutral
Most enzymes have an optimal
temperature and pH
• The optimal temperature and pH is the temperature and pH
at which the enzyme works the best
Destroying Enzymes Notes
An enzyme’s job is determined by its SHAPE
Denature: enzyme changes shape so that it
no longer works properly
Enzymes are denatured by high temperatures and low pHs.
Enzyme failure or destruction can result in
disease or death
Question 1
What are proteins that speed up
chemical reactions called?
A. Amino acids
B. Reactants
C. Enzymes
D. Substrates
Question 2
What is a substrate?
A. The compound that is before the arrow in a
chemical reaction
B. Another name for an enzyme
C. The material that an enzyme binds to
D. The term used to describe the structure
formed after an enzyme binds with a complex
Question 3
How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a
chemical reaction?
A. Enzymes increase the activation energy
needed for a reaction to start
B. Enzymes decrease the activation energy
needed for a reaction to start
C. Enzymes do not alter activation energy of
chemical reactions
D. Enzymes initially decrease activation energy
than increase it
Question 4
Which of the following statements best
describes enzymes?
A. enzymes cannot be reused after a reaction
B. Enzymes are organic catalysts
C. Enzymes slow down chemical reactions
D. Enzymes can bind to any substrate
Question 5
An enzymes job is determined by its what?
A. size
B. shape
C. color
D. Activation energy
Question 1
What are proteins that speed up
chemical reactions called?
A. Amino acids
B. Reactants
C. Enzymes
D. Substrates
Question 2
What is a substrate?
A. The compound that is before the arrow in a
chemical reaction
B. Another name for an enzyme
C. The material that an enzyme binds to
D. The term used to describe the structure
formed after an enzyme binds with a complex
Question 3
How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a
chemical reaction?
A. Enzymes increase the activation energy
needed for a reaction to start
B. Enzymes decrease the activation energy
needed for a reaction to start
C. Enzymes do not alter activation energy of
chemical reactions
D. Enzymes initially decrease activation energy
than increase it
Question 4
Which of the following statements best
describes enzymes?
A. enzymes cannot be reused after a reaction
B. Enzymes are organic catalysts
C. Enzymes slow down chemical reactions
D. Enzymes can bind to any substrate
Question 5
An enzymes job is determined by its what?
A. size
B. shape
C. color
D. Activation energy