List of tables - Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto
... this assumption, bacteria were extracted for the host, grown in pure culture, reintroduced in a healthy host, and finally recovered from the infected host. However, now like in the past, this postulate has some limitations. For example, some bacteria cannot be grown in pure culture, and some human d ...
... this assumption, bacteria were extracted for the host, grown in pure culture, reintroduced in a healthy host, and finally recovered from the infected host. However, now like in the past, this postulate has some limitations. For example, some bacteria cannot be grown in pure culture, and some human d ...
STUDIES ON THE CHLORAMPHENICOL HALOGENASE CmlS
... First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. David Zechel for his guidance, insight, and patience during my studies here at Queen’s. During those few moments of my greatest despondency your enthusiasm would instill in me a fresh sense of determination that would propel me to greater an ...
... First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. David Zechel for his guidance, insight, and patience during my studies here at Queen’s. During those few moments of my greatest despondency your enthusiasm would instill in me a fresh sense of determination that would propel me to greater an ...
THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHONIUM INDENYLIDE COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM(II)
... 2.5 Synthesis of [RuCl(µ-Cl)(η6-ethylbenzoate)]2 .................................................................... 54 2.5.1 Birch Reduction of Benzoic Acid ................................................................................ 55 2.5.2 Esterification of 1,4-Dihydrobenzoic Acid ......... ...
... 2.5 Synthesis of [RuCl(µ-Cl)(η6-ethylbenzoate)]2 .................................................................... 54 2.5.1 Birch Reduction of Benzoic Acid ................................................................................ 55 2.5.2 Esterification of 1,4-Dihydrobenzoic Acid ......... ...
RUMPLE-DISSERTATION-2014 - SMARTech Home
... I would like to begin by thanking my advisors Dr. Charles Liotta and Dr. Charles Eckert. The opportunity to work with such skilled scientists and kind mentors is a rare one, and I am extremely glad I had the opportunity to learn from them. I have always been in awe of their brilliance (I’m pretty su ...
... I would like to begin by thanking my advisors Dr. Charles Liotta and Dr. Charles Eckert. The opportunity to work with such skilled scientists and kind mentors is a rare one, and I am extremely glad I had the opportunity to learn from them. I have always been in awe of their brilliance (I’m pretty su ...
ESTUDIO DE LOS MECANISMOS DE INHIBICIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CARNITINA PALMITOILTRANSFERASA 1
... The enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)1 I catalyzes the conversion of long chain fatty acyl-CoAs to acylcarnitines, which is the first step in the transport of fatty acyl-CoA groups from the cytosol to mitochondria where they undergo -oxidation. This reaction is inhibited by malonyl-CoA, a ...
... The enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)1 I catalyzes the conversion of long chain fatty acyl-CoAs to acylcarnitines, which is the first step in the transport of fatty acyl-CoA groups from the cytosol to mitochondria where they undergo -oxidation. This reaction is inhibited by malonyl-CoA, a ...
By Martin S. Silberberg
... 37 The electrical conductivity of ionic solutions Figure 4.3 38 A precipitation reaction and its equations Figure 4.5 39 An aqueous strong acid-strong base reaction on the atomic scale Figure 4.9 40 The redox process in compound formation Figure 4.11 41 Highest and lowest oxidation numbers of reacti ...
... 37 The electrical conductivity of ionic solutions Figure 4.3 38 A precipitation reaction and its equations Figure 4.5 39 An aqueous strong acid-strong base reaction on the atomic scale Figure 4.9 40 The redox process in compound formation Figure 4.11 41 Highest and lowest oxidation numbers of reacti ...
The Application of Hydrolytic Enzymes for Biotransformations of
... enzymes has been studied. A range of small to medium sized commercially available vinyl esters (C2- C10), as well as amino acid vinyl esters were selected for the biotransformations. For the esterification of naringin, small-scale reactions were carried out for 72 hrs and the reaction mixtures were ...
... enzymes has been studied. A range of small to medium sized commercially available vinyl esters (C2- C10), as well as amino acid vinyl esters were selected for the biotransformations. For the esterification of naringin, small-scale reactions were carried out for 72 hrs and the reaction mixtures were ...
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture
... doing research in this area, include: activation of H2 by a transition metal complex in the late 1930s (M. Calvin, 1961 Nobel laureate)[10]; homogeneous hydrogenation of olefinic substrates with RuCl3 in 1961 (J. Halpern, J. Harrod, and B. R. James)[11]; and hydrogenation of olefinic compounds using ...
... doing research in this area, include: activation of H2 by a transition metal complex in the late 1930s (M. Calvin, 1961 Nobel laureate)[10]; homogeneous hydrogenation of olefinic substrates with RuCl3 in 1961 (J. Halpern, J. Harrod, and B. R. James)[11]; and hydrogenation of olefinic compounds using ...
View/Open
... group is similar to the way they affect the reactivity of an aromatic ring toward electrophilic substitution (Section 16.5). A chlorine substituent, for example, inductively withdraws electrons from an acyl group in the same way that it withdraws electrons from and thus deactivates an aromatic ring. ...
... group is similar to the way they affect the reactivity of an aromatic ring toward electrophilic substitution (Section 16.5). A chlorine substituent, for example, inductively withdraws electrons from an acyl group in the same way that it withdraws electrons from and thus deactivates an aromatic ring. ...
Catalytic Mechanism and Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
... al., 1996; Yan et al., 1996, 1998; Scholich et al., 1997; Sunahara et al., 1997). Such soluble enzymes also can be activated by the diterpene forskolin, derived from the root of the Indian plant Coleus forskolhii (Seamon and Daly, 1986). The tertiary structure of the cyclase domain has been elucidat ...
... al., 1996; Yan et al., 1996, 1998; Scholich et al., 1997; Sunahara et al., 1997). Such soluble enzymes also can be activated by the diterpene forskolin, derived from the root of the Indian plant Coleus forskolhii (Seamon and Daly, 1986). The tertiary structure of the cyclase domain has been elucidat ...
Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered
... including the chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluoro-, and methyl-substituted analogues, but does not accept 3-hydroxy-β-tyrosyl-S-SgcC2 as a substrate. Together with the in vitro data for SgcC4, SgcC1, and SgcC3, the results establish that SgcC catalyzes the hydroxylation of (S)-3-chloro-β-tyrosyl-S-SgcC2 ...
... including the chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluoro-, and methyl-substituted analogues, but does not accept 3-hydroxy-β-tyrosyl-S-SgcC2 as a substrate. Together with the in vitro data for SgcC4, SgcC1, and SgcC3, the results establish that SgcC catalyzes the hydroxylation of (S)-3-chloro-β-tyrosyl-S-SgcC2 ...
Bioinformatic Analysis of Glycoside Hydrolases in the
... Petroleum reserves are rapidly depleting and alternative renewable sources of energy need to be developed to meet the energy demands of the planet. Lignocellulose has been recognized as a highly promising and renewable resource for the development of clean energy. Thermophilic microbes and thermosta ...
... Petroleum reserves are rapidly depleting and alternative renewable sources of energy need to be developed to meet the energy demands of the planet. Lignocellulose has been recognized as a highly promising and renewable resource for the development of clean energy. Thermophilic microbes and thermosta ...
Chapter 4 - University of Amsterdam
... of the CoA group of activated fatty acids or acetyl-CoA for carnitine, forming acyl- or acetyl-carnitine, which subsequently can cross the membrane by the additional aid of a transporter. In mammals, carnitine is involved in both the transport of activated long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to ...
... of the CoA group of activated fatty acids or acetyl-CoA for carnitine, forming acyl- or acetyl-carnitine, which subsequently can cross the membrane by the additional aid of a transporter. In mammals, carnitine is involved in both the transport of activated long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to ...
Functional Characterization of Nine Norway
... Far, PaTPS-Lin, PaTPS-Bis, and PaTPS-Pin) were isolated by cDNA library filter hybridization as described in Fäldt et al. (2003b). Combination of similarity-based PCR strategies previously developed for isolation of conifer TPS genes (Bohlmann et al., 1997), mining of expressed sequence tags, and R ...
... Far, PaTPS-Lin, PaTPS-Bis, and PaTPS-Pin) were isolated by cDNA library filter hybridization as described in Fäldt et al. (2003b). Combination of similarity-based PCR strategies previously developed for isolation of conifer TPS genes (Bohlmann et al., 1997), mining of expressed sequence tags, and R ...
Improvement of Aspergillus nidulans penicillin production by
... Next, a cyclase converts the tripeptide into a ring structure, isopenicillin N (IPN), the first intermediate with antibiotic activity. The enzyme requires Fe2 þ , molecular oxygen and ascorbate. The enzyme is called IPN synthase and is encoded by ipnA (pcbC). Finally, in A. nidulans and P. chrysogenu ...
... Next, a cyclase converts the tripeptide into a ring structure, isopenicillin N (IPN), the first intermediate with antibiotic activity. The enzyme requires Fe2 þ , molecular oxygen and ascorbate. The enzyme is called IPN synthase and is encoded by ipnA (pcbC). Finally, in A. nidulans and P. chrysogenu ...
Modifying the stereochemistry of an enzyme
... product of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction may be modified by directed evolution (Fig. 1). One approach is to evolve an enzyme, which accepts an unnatural stereoisomer as a substrate (Fig. 1 A). By altering the substrate specificity in this way, the stereoisomeric product obtained is inevitably differe ...
... product of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction may be modified by directed evolution (Fig. 1). One approach is to evolve an enzyme, which accepts an unnatural stereoisomer as a substrate (Fig. 1 A). By altering the substrate specificity in this way, the stereoisomeric product obtained is inevitably differe ...
Chemistry and Biology of Biosynthetic Diels–Alder Reactions
... of a new strain of Aspergillus terreus (MF 4845), which increased the production of 11 to 200 mg per litre of culture.[10] Fermentation of Aspergillus terreus in the presence of an 18O2-enriched atmosphere showed the oxygen atom at C8 was derived from molecular oxygen. A separate feeding experiment ...
... of a new strain of Aspergillus terreus (MF 4845), which increased the production of 11 to 200 mg per litre of culture.[10] Fermentation of Aspergillus terreus in the presence of an 18O2-enriched atmosphere showed the oxygen atom at C8 was derived from molecular oxygen. A separate feeding experiment ...
Biosynthetic Diels–Alder Reactions
... of a new strain of Aspergillus terreus (MF 4845), which increased the production of 11 to 200 mg per litre of culture.[10] Fermentation of Aspergillus terreus in the presence of an 18O2-enriched atmosphere showed the oxygen atom at C8 was derived from molecular oxygen. A separate feeding experiment ...
... of a new strain of Aspergillus terreus (MF 4845), which increased the production of 11 to 200 mg per litre of culture.[10] Fermentation of Aspergillus terreus in the presence of an 18O2-enriched atmosphere showed the oxygen atom at C8 was derived from molecular oxygen. A separate feeding experiment ...
Abdullah F. Eid
... Doctorate Thesis by Abdullah F. Eid The octahedra are arranged in four M3O13 groups. Each group is formed by three edges sharing octahedra and having a common oxygen atom which is also shared with the central tetrahedron XO4 . Among a wide variety of HPAs, the Keggin’s are the most stable and more ...
... Doctorate Thesis by Abdullah F. Eid The octahedra are arranged in four M3O13 groups. Each group is formed by three edges sharing octahedra and having a common oxygen atom which is also shared with the central tetrahedron XO4 . Among a wide variety of HPAs, the Keggin’s are the most stable and more ...
A Theoretical Analysis of NADPH Production and
... For the calculation of the NADPH requirement the following assumptions and simplifications have been made. ( I ) The same macromolecular and monomer composition is taken for biomass formation from different carbon and nitrogen sources. (2) During growth on glucose. methanol. xylose and gluconate, ox ...
... For the calculation of the NADPH requirement the following assumptions and simplifications have been made. ( I ) The same macromolecular and monomer composition is taken for biomass formation from different carbon and nitrogen sources. (2) During growth on glucose. methanol. xylose and gluconate, ox ...
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus
... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
A Truncated Laminin Chain Homologous to the B2 Chain: Structure
... colocalization of these chains in basement membranes (58). In vitro de- and renaturation studies with EHS laminin have shown that the assembly of this laminin is a specific process and only molecules with one Ae chain, one Ble chain, and one B2e chain are formed (35, 36). The carboxyl-terminal parts ...
... colocalization of these chains in basement membranes (58). In vitro de- and renaturation studies with EHS laminin have shown that the assembly of this laminin is a specific process and only molecules with one Ae chain, one Ble chain, and one B2e chain are formed (35, 36). The carboxyl-terminal parts ...
Two nearly identical terpene synthases catalyze the
... Terpenoids emitted from snapdragon flowers include three monoterpenes derived from geranyl diphosphate (GPP), myrcene, (E)-b-ocimene and linalool, and a sesquiterpene, nerolidol, derived from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). Using a functional genomics approach, we have isolated and biochemically charact ...
... Terpenoids emitted from snapdragon flowers include three monoterpenes derived from geranyl diphosphate (GPP), myrcene, (E)-b-ocimene and linalool, and a sesquiterpene, nerolidol, derived from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). Using a functional genomics approach, we have isolated and biochemically charact ...
patrick_tb_ch16
... Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 3e c. β -lactam d. β -lactone Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 16 Question 16 16) What structure or structures is/are formed if the acyl side chain of a penicillin is hydrolysed? Feedback: Penicillenic acids and penillic acids are formed ...
... Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 3e c. β -lactam d. β -lactone Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 16 Question 16 16) What structure or structures is/are formed if the acyl side chain of a penicillin is hydrolysed? Feedback: Penicillenic acids and penillic acids are formed ...
Biosynthesis of doxorubicin
Doxorubicin (DXR) is a 14-hydroxylated version of daunorubicin, the immediate precursor of DXR in its biosynthetic pathway. Daunorubicin is more abundantly found as a natural product because it is produced by a number of different wild type strains of streptomyces. In contrast, only one known non-wild type species, streptomyces peucetius subspecies cesius ATCC 27952, was initially found to be capable of producing the more widely used doxorubicin. This strain was created by Arcamone et al. in 1969 by mutating a strain producing daunorubicin, but not DXR, at least in detectable quantities. Subsequently, Hutchinson's group showed that under special environmental conditions, or by the introduction of genetic modifications, other strains of streptomyces can produce doxorubicin. His group has also cloned many of the genes required for DXR production, although not all of them have been fully characterized. In 1996, Strohl's group discovered, isolated and characterized dox A, the gene encoding the enzyme that converts daunorubicin into DXR. By 1999, they produced recombinant Dox A, a Cytochrome P450 oxidase, and found that it catalyzes multiple steps in DXR biosynthesis, including steps leading to daunorubicin. This was significant because it became clear that all daunorubicin producing strains have the necessary genes to produce DXR, the much more therapeutically important of the two. Hutchinson's group went on to develop methods to improve the yield of DXR, from the fermentation process used in its commercial production, not only by introducing Dox A encoding plasmids, but also by introducing mutations to deactivate enzymes that shunt DXR precursors to less useful products, for example baumycin-like glycosides. Some triple mutants, that also over-expressed Dox A, were able to double the yield of DXR. This is of more than academic interest because at that time DXR cost about $1.37 million per kg and current production in 1999 was 225 kg per annum. More efficient production techniques have brought the price down to $1.1 million per kg for the non-liposomal formulation. Although DXR can be produced semi-synthetically from daunorubicin, the process involves electrophilic bromination and multiple steps and the yield is poor. Since daunorubicin is produced by fermentation, it would be ideal if the bacteria could complete DXR synthesis more effectively.