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Cellular Respiration Adenosine Triphosphate • Universal energy carrier of the cell – – – – – Active transport Reproduction Movement Muscle contractions Protein synthesis • Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi + Energy • Energy used to produce heat & drive processes Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • Primarily in mitochondria • Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP • Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs) Glycolysis • Start: Glucose (6carbon molecule) • 2ATP energizes the glucose – Phosphate breaks from ATP • Glucose (6C) broken into two Pyruvates (3C) • Finish: Two pyruvates 4 ATPs NADH (H carriers) Glycolysis Summary Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Step 1: Pyruvate broken down – Pyruvate (3C) is split into Acetic Acid (2C) and CO2 – More NADH created • Step 2: Coenzyme A – Acetic Acid (2C) combines with coenzyme A to create Acetyl-CoA (2C) • Step 3: Citric Acid formed – Acetyl-CoA (2C) binds with 4C molecule (from previous Kreb’s cycle) – Citric Acid (6C) created • Step 4: Citric Acid broken down – Citric Acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule – CO2 waste created – More NADH created • Step 5: 5C molecule broken down – 5C molecule broken down into 4C molecule – CO2 waste created – More NADH created – ATP created • Step 6: 4C molecule rearranged – Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule – More NADH, FADH2 created Kreb’s Summary • 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create: – 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2 Electron Transport Chain • Step 1: Electrons removed – Electrons removed from NADH and FADH2 • Step 2: Hydrogen Ions Transported – Proteins pump H+ ions across inner membrane of mitochondria – H+ ions accumulate • Step 3: ATP produced – H+ ions diffuse through protein channels to bind ADP + Pi – 34 ATP created • Step 4: Water created – Oxygen binds with H+ ions to create 6H2O as a waste