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Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide DO NOW: What is the mRNA strand that would be copied from this DNA strand? A T G A A C G G C T G T G T A C T A C G T A C U U G C C G A C A C A U G A U G C A mRNA U _____________________________________________________________ Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide 1. Label the molecules below as: mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, and amino- acids. Amino acid attachment site Amino - acid rRNA Ribosomal RNA anticodon tRNA Transfer RNA codon mRNA messenger RNA 2. Label the following parts: codon, anticodon, amino acid attachment sit on the molecules. Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide http://www.bioplek.org/animaties/moleculaire_genetica/transcriptie.html http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter15/animations.html# www.PHSchool.com Web code: cbp-4123 Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide A B C D E F Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide Arrange the following sentences in order to describe translation from mRNA to proteins A. A second tRNA links to a second codon in the mRNA B. Many amino acids bind together and make a poplypeptide (Protein) C. Stop codon indicates the end of translation D. The first and second amino acids bind together E. A third tRNA brings a third amino acid to the ribosome F. The first tRNA without amino acid leaves the ribosome G. The ribosome binds to a mRNA strand at the start codon (AUG) H. tRNA brings the first amino acid to the ribosome Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA •The ribosome binds to a mRNA strand at the start codon (AUG) •Many amino acids bind together and make a protein • Stop codon indicates the end of translation tRNA brings the first amino acid to the ribosome A second tRNA links to a second codon in the mRNA •The first tRNA without amino acid leaves the ribosome •A third tRNA brings a third amino acid to the ribosome •The first and second amino acids bind together Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide Do Now: List 4 things you learned about Translation: •What is the goal of Translation? •Where does it happen? •Which molecules and organelle(s) play a role in Translation? •Which molecules are produced? Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide “I love Genetics” 1st base in codon Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide 5. Using the Genetic Code Table, determine the order of amino acids established by the mRNA. AU G C U CAG C G U UAC C UAA AUG UCAGCGCCACGAUAG Met – Ser – Ala – Pro – Arg - Stop __________________________________ AUG CAG CG UUACCAUUGA Met – Gln – Arg – Tyr – His - Stop __________________________________ 1st base in codon Met – Leu – Ser – Val – Thr - Stop __________________________________ 1st base in codon Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide C T A AU G AG C AAG C C U U U U AC U GAU Met – Ser – Lys – Pro – Phe – Thr - Asp 1st base in codon Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide 1.Write the base sequence that would appear on an mRNA stand after transcription of the upper DNA strand: AG G U UA C C G AAU AAA C G U mRNA: ___________________________________________________________________________ Use the Genetic Code Table to determine the order of amino acids in the resulting protein fragment Arg – Leu – Pro – Asn – Lys - Arg Amino Acids: _______________________________________________________________________ Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA Replication DNA Transcription mRNA Translation Protein Objective: Understand the process of Translation Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA Arrange the following sentences in order to describe the process of protein synthesis. a. Ribosome translate mRNA into a protein b. Protein shape determines protein function c. mRNA leaves the nucleus d. Transcription of DNA into mRNA e. Amino-acid sequence determines protein shape Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide Do Now: Transcription and Translation are two processes involved in protein synthesis. Compare and contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation. For each process explain: 1. Where does it occur? 2. What is the goal? 3. Which molecules and organelles are involved? 4. What molecule is produced? 5. How do nitrogen bases pair? Process Replication Transcription Where it happens? Nucleus Nucleus What is the goal? Make identical copies of DNA Which molecules/ organelles are involved? DNA Helicase DNA polymerase Ligase DNA Transfer information from DNA to ribosomes mRNA What molecule is produced? DNA mRNA RNA polymerase Translation Ribosomes in cytoplasm or ER Synthesis of proteins Ribosome mRNA tRNA Amino-acids Proteins or Polypeptides How do nitrogen bases pair? A–T T–A C–G G-C A–U T–A C–G G-C A–U U–A C–G G-C