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Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide
DO NOW:
What is the mRNA strand that would be copied from this DNA strand?
A T G A A C G G C T G T
G T A
C T A
C G T
A C U U G C C G A C A C A U G A U G C A
mRNA U
_____________________________________________________________
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide
1. Label the molecules below as: mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, and amino- acids.
Amino acid attachment site
Amino - acid
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
anticodon
tRNA
Transfer RNA
codon
mRNA
messenger RNA
2. Label the following parts: codon, anticodon, amino acid attachment sit on the molecules.
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide
http://www.bioplek.org/animaties/moleculaire_genetica/transcriptie.html
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter15/animations.html#
www.PHSchool.com Web code: cbp-4123
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide
A
B
C
D
E
F
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, polypeptide
Arrange the following sentences in order to describe translation from mRNA to proteins
A. A second tRNA links to a second codon in the mRNA
B. Many amino acids bind together and make a poplypeptide (Protein)
C. Stop codon indicates the end of translation
D. The first and second amino acids bind together
E. A third tRNA brings a third amino acid to the ribosome
F. The first tRNA without amino acid leaves the ribosome
G. The ribosome binds to a mRNA strand at the start codon (AUG)
H. tRNA brings the first amino acid to the ribosome
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA
•The ribosome binds to a mRNA
strand at the start codon (AUG)
•Many amino acids bind
together and make a protein
• Stop codon indicates the end
of translation
tRNA brings the first amino
acid to the ribosome
A second tRNA links to a
second codon in the mRNA
•The first tRNA without amino
acid leaves the ribosome
•A third tRNA brings a third
amino acid to the ribosome
•The first and second amino
acids bind together
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
Do Now:
List 4 things you learned about Translation:
•What is the goal of Translation?
•Where does it happen?
•Which molecules and organelle(s) play a role in Translation?
•Which molecules are produced?
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
“I love Genetics”
1st base in codon
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
5. Using the Genetic Code Table, determine the order of amino acids established by the mRNA.
AU G C U CAG C G U UAC C UAA
AUG UCAGCGCCACGAUAG
Met – Ser – Ala – Pro – Arg - Stop
__________________________________
AUG CAG CG UUACCAUUGA
Met – Gln – Arg – Tyr – His - Stop
__________________________________
1st base in codon
Met – Leu – Ser – Val – Thr - Stop
__________________________________
1st base in codon
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
C T A
AU G AG C AAG C C U U U U AC U GAU
Met – Ser – Lys – Pro – Phe – Thr - Asp
1st base in codon
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
1.Write the base sequence that would appear on an mRNA stand after transcription of the upper DNA strand:
AG G U UA C C G AAU AAA C G U
mRNA: ___________________________________________________________________________
Use the Genetic Code Table to determine the order of amino acids in the resulting protein fragment
Arg – Leu – Pro – Asn – Lys - Arg
Amino Acids: _______________________________________________________________________
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA
Replication
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Translation
Protein
Objective: Understand the process of Translation
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA
Arrange the following sentences in order to describe the process of protein
synthesis.
a. Ribosome translate mRNA into a protein
b. Protein shape determines protein function
c. mRNA leaves the nucleus
d. Transcription of DNA into mRNA
e. Amino-acid sequence determines protein shape
Objective: Understand How the Genetic Code Works
Key Words: translation, codon, anticodon, mRNA, bases, polypeptide
Do Now:
Transcription and Translation are two processes involved in protein synthesis.
Compare and contrast Replication, Transcription and Translation.
For each process explain:
1. Where does it occur?
2. What is the goal?
3. Which molecules and organelles are involved?
4. What molecule is produced?
5. How do nitrogen bases pair?
Process
Replication
Transcription
Where it happens?
Nucleus
Nucleus
What is the goal?
Make identical
copies of DNA
Which molecules/
organelles are
involved?
DNA
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
DNA
Transfer information
from DNA to ribosomes mRNA
What molecule
is produced?
DNA
mRNA
RNA polymerase
Translation
Ribosomes in
cytoplasm or ER
Synthesis of
proteins
Ribosome
mRNA
tRNA
Amino-acids
Proteins
or
Polypeptides
How do nitrogen
bases pair?
A–T
T–A
C–G
G-C
A–U
T–A
C–G
G-C
A–U
U–A
C–G
G-C