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Review For Final I
Should I take the final?
• Can’t hurt you
• Calculate your average and determine
what you need to change your grade
Calculating what you need
• multiply each exam score by 0.4
• add the three numbers together
• subtract this sum from the average you
want to get
• divide the difference by 40 for the percent
score you need
example
•
•
•
•
test scores: 35, 29, 38
0.4 * (35+29+38) = 40.8
average right now = 40.8/60 = 68%=D
this person wants to get a C or 70% in the
class so 70 – 40.8 = 29.2
• 29.2/40 = 0.73
• this person need a 73 % on the final
How should you study for the final?
• Study the old study guides
• Study the three exams
• Study the 2 review lectures
3-dimensional model of plasma membrane
Phosphatidylcholine
Non-polar molecule dissolved in water
Arrangement of water molecules strongly disturbed
Effect of cis double bonds on membranes
Cholesterol
Cholesterol in lipid bilayer
Lipid raft with specific membrane proteins
Distribution of phospholipids and glycolipids in
the lipid bilayer of human red blood cells
Some glycolipid molecules
Hydrophobic amino
acids in green
and yellow
Membrane Proteins in Human Red Blood Cells
Most Membrane Proteins have Structural
Functions
Molecule movement across lipid bilayer
without proteins
Passive vs. Active Transport
Three Ways of Driving Active Transport
Electrochemical gradient vs. membrane potential
Can work additively or against each other
Mechanism of
Na+ - glucose
carrier
Binding of Na+
and glucose
is cooperative
Selectivity of a K+ channel
Gating of Ion Channels
Transcellular transport of glucose
The Na+ - K+ pump is an ATPase
Resting Chemical Synapse
Active Chemical Synapse
Ion Channels at Neuromuscular Junction
Topological relationships between compartments
of a eukaryotic cell
Roadmap of
protein traffic
inside cell
Two ways in which a sorting signal can be
built into a protein
Nuclear pore complexes
Protein import by mitochondria
Signal Peptide is cleaved and the protein folds
inside the ER lumen
Protein glycosylation in the rough ER
Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the cytosolic
leaflet of ER membrane
Scramblase, a
phospholipid
translocator equilibrates
phospholipids between
the two leaflets
Flippases maintain
highly asymmetric
composition of the
plasma membrane
Endocytic and secretory pathways
red = secretory
green = endocytic
blue = recycling
Different coats are used for different transport
steps in the cell
Assembly and disassembly of clathrin coat
SNARE proteins guide vesicular transport
Vesicular tubular clusters move along
microtubules to carry proteins from ER to Golgi
apparatus
3-dimensional model of the Golgi Apparatus
Oligosaccharide chains are processed in the Golgi
complex
common core
high-mannose
Lysosome interior is different from cytosol