Download Enzymes - NVHSIntroBioPiper1

1. Carbohydrates are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and ______.
A. Oxygen
B. Phosphorus
C. Argon
D. Nitrogen
2. Which organic molecule is used for
transport and repair in the body?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
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Warm-up
Notes
Organic Molecules Review
Video / Demo
Pepsin/Trypsin WS
Vocab
Clean-up
Cool-down
Quiz on Organic Molecules & Enzymes
Thursday!!
Guided Notes 6
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Chemical reactions always involve the
breaking of bonds in reactants and the
formation of new bonds in products
Reactants  Products
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Activation energythe energy needed to get
the reaction started
Enzymes- Proteins that act as biological
catalysts to speed up chemical reactions
 Identify many enzymes by the suffix
–ase:
 helicase (unzips DNA)
 lactase (breaks down lactose)
 peptidyl transferase (forms peptide
bonds in polypeptides)
Enzymes speed up
reactions
Question: How do
enzymes speed up
reactions?
Answer: They lower
activation energy,
making it easier
for the chemical
reaction to occur
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Enzymes are not used up in reactions
Reactants + enzyme  Products + enzyme
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Enzymes are very specific-they usually only
work on one reaction
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Substrate-the material that the enzyme
works on
Active site-The special fold in the enzyme
where the reaction happens
Enzymes bind
substrates (enzyme
reactant) into active
sites (pocket or groove
on enzyme).
 While the enzyme and
the substrate are joined,
the enzyme catalyzes
the reaction and
converts the substrate
to the product(s).
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• Catalyze
chemical reactions: make them faster
cofactor
enzyme
substrate
chemical
reaction
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Competitive Inhibition-When something
besides the substrate blocks the active site
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Inhibitors—
reduce the
productivity of
enzymes as seen
to the right with
herbicides.
The body uses
enzymes to
control metabolic
pathways.
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Non-competitive inhibition-When a
molecule binds to another spot on the
enzyme causing it to change shape and
become inactive
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The most classic example an enzymatic
reaction is the hydrolysis of sucrose
(table sugar) into glucose and fructose.
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Another look…
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Enzyme Concentration
4. Substrate Concentration
 Rate of Enzyme Activity is influenced by:
 Substrate concentration (more substrate =
more activity until saturation)
 Temperature (higher temperature = more
activity until the enzyme’s protein denatures)
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Rate of Enzyme Activity is influenced by:
 pH (usually in range of 6-8 for humans)
Acidic
Stomach
Alkaline
Intestine
 Inhibitors (reduce activity by binding or changing
shape of active sites)
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Enzymes work quickly—about 1000
substrates are taken in and converted
every second.
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Enzyme Video
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Review
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What type of organic molecule are enzymes?
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proteins
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How do enzymes speed up reactions?
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Lower activation energy
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The material that the enzyme works on is
called the…
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substrate
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The location of the reaction on the enzyme is
called the…
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Activation site
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What four factors affect enzymes?
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Temperature
Ph
Amount of enzyme
Amount of substrate
1.
2.
3.
Use a permanent marker to write your name on
your bag.
Word on blank side- definition on the lined
side.
Define
1. Acidthe following words:
8. Monomer
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Base
Buffer
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Protein
9. Enzyme
10.Substrate
11.Active Site
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Divide your paper into 4.
In each square, draw/write
1. Name: (Lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate)
2. Monomer:
3. Function/Job:
4. 2 examples:
5. Picture:
6. Any extra info from your notes/book
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Ch 2, pg 34-37 in your textbook for extra info.
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On your notecard, answer the following
questions without using your notes.
1. Name at least 2 factors that affect
enzymes.
2. What do enzymes do for the body? (ie. why
do we need them?)