* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Biomolecule PPT
Enzyme inhibitor wikipedia , lookup
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Lipid signaling wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Restriction enzyme wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Protein–protein interaction wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Amino acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
BIOMOLECULES Academic and PAP Biology Warm-Up • Title: Biomolecules • List the percentages of each: – – – – Total Fats ____ Saturated Fats ____ Carbohydrates _______ Protein ____ Hypothesis How do they help your body? Amoeba Sister: Biomolecules • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJ7xOSCE mZw So lets think about this…. • Bio-molecules make: – Organelles (tiny cell organs) – Cells – Tissue – Organ – Organ systes – Organsism Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, found in food help make me along with nucleic acids!!!! 4 Classes of Organic Compounds All Contain Carbon Monomers (M) (Building Blocks) (Building Blocks Macromolecules CHO CHONP Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids M=Sugars M= Nucleotides starch es DNA cellulose RNA glycogen CHONS CHO Lipids M= Fatty Acids and Glycerol Proteins M= Amino Acids fats enzymes oils muscle fibers waxes steroids Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 1 cytoskeleton Slide 5 of 37 Monomers – single unit Polymers – many single units joined together This is how polymers are formed and how polymers are bronken down into monomers Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biomolecules • Carbohydrates: – Aka: sugars – glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc – Function: Provide energy • Lipids: – Aka: fats – triglycerides, saturated/unsaturated – Function: Long-term energy, insulation Biomolecules • Proteins: – Aka: Amino acids – – Function: build muscle, bones, pretty much the body • Nucleic Acids: – Aka: DNA/RNA – your genetic code – Function: Instructions for your cell – the BIG BOSS C H O 1: 2: 1 Main source of energy, especially short term energy Monomer: Sugar Monosaccharide: simple sugar Used for genetic material, which codes for traits Monomer: Nucleotide CHONP DNA: A C G T RNA: A G C U Disaccharide: double (two) sugars Polysaccharide: many (large) sugars Carbohydrates Glucose, Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen Macromolecules Lipids Proteins Fats, Oils, Enzymes, Waxes Cell structure Saturated: only C-C single bonds Unsaturated: at least 1 C = C double bond Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids + glycerol CHO Monomer: Triglyceride Bonded by: Peptide Bonds Used for long term energy storage Used for antibodies, muscle movement, enzymes, hormones, structure, transport, and to store amino acids Monomer: Amino Acid C H O N (S) Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, Ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates What is the function of carbohydrates? Source of Energy for cell function Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates Different sizes of carbohydrates: Monosaccharides – single (1) sugar (glucose- C6H12O6, fructose) Disaccharides – double (2) sugar (sucrose-C12H22O11) Polysaccharides – many sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: Starches and sugars examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Examples: Cellulose - plants make it for cell walls Starch - (long chain of glucose) Glycogen – stored in humans Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. - Monomer: amino acids. - Polymer: protein (polypeptide chain) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Protein s Amino Acids: connected by peptide bonds Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Protein sFunction of Proteins Instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. Amino Acids Protein Molecule Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Protein s Some functions of proteins: –Control rate of reactions – Enzymes –Used to form bones and muscles –Transport substances into or out of cells –Help to fight disease - antibodies Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids nucleotides – monomers of Nucleic Acids. Monomer: nucleotides Polymer: DNA or RNA Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleotides consist of three parts: • a 5-carbon sugar • a phosphate group • a nitrogenous base Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids Lipids not soluble in water. Common categories of lipids are: fats oils waxes steroids Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids Function of Lipids: Used to store energy. Important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids glycerol Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Fatty acid • Triglyceride Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Amoeba Sister: Enzymes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUn64HY 5bug Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Enzymes: Are Proteins “Helper” Protein molecules Nothing works without enzymes! • How important are enzymes? – all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work enzyme • building molecules – synthesis enzymes • breaking down molecules – digestive enzymes We can’t live without enzymes! – enzymes speed up reactions • “catalysts” + enzyme + 2–3 Carbon Compounds Enzymes Lowers Activation Energy • A protein catalyst • Enzymes are important proteins found in living things. An enzyme is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction. Slide 29 of 37 End Show • Enzyme – helper protein molecule • Substrate – molecule that enzymes work on • Products – what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction • Active site – part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into – LOCK AND KEY substrate active site product enzyme What affects enzyme action • Correct protein structure – correct order of amino acids – why? enzyme has to be right shape • Temperature – why? enzyme has to be right shape • pH (acids & bases) – why? enzyme has to be right shape Enzymes are proteins • Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction – each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job – enzymes are named for the reaction they help Oh, I get it! They end in -ase • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA For enzymes… What matters? SHAPE!