* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download What are proteins?
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid cycle wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Interactome wikipedia , lookup
Monoclonal antibody wikipedia , lookup
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Magnesium transporter wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Protein–protein interaction wikipedia , lookup
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Peptide synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Amino acid synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
Aim: What are proteins? Complete the diagram about the different kind of organic compounds. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1. Describe these three molecules. 2. What do these molecules have in common? 3. How do they differ? 4. Label each molecule. Compare all these molecules 1. What do they have in common? 2. How do they differ? 3. What is the name of these molecules? Compare the amino acids to each other. Circle in green the amino group (-NH2) of each amino acid. Circle in blue the carboxyl group (-COOH) of each amino acid. Circle in red the part of the amino acid that is different in every amino acid? Which parts of the amino acid are the same in every amino acid? Which parts are the same in every amino acid? Compare all these molecules 1. What do they have in common? 2. How are they different? 3. What is the name of these molecules? Compare the amino acids to each other. Circle in green the amino group (-NH2) of each amino acid. Circle in blue the carboxyl group (-COOH) of each amino acid. Circle in red the part of the amino acid that is different in every amino acid? Which parts of the amino acid are the same in every amino acid? Which parts are the same in every amino acid? Complete the table with the name of amino acids and the abbreviation. There are 20 common types of amino acids Amino acids contain a) an amino group b) an acid group c) and a unique group of elements called the R group that makes it different from the other amino acids. Name of amino acid Abbreviation Name of amino acid Abbreviation Alanine Ala Leu Arg Lys Asn Met Asp Phe Cys Pro Glu Ser Gln Thr Gly Trp His Tyr Ile Val What do most of the amino acid names have in common? Almost all the amino-acids names end in “____ ine” Formation of a polypeptide chain When three or more amino acids are linked together, they are called a polypeptide chain http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch02/peptide_bonding.html\ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acids Aim: How to make a protein? Do Now: List 4 things you already know about proteins and amino acids 9. Construct a polypeptide or protein following the sequence of amino acids. 10. Label your protein with a name you invent for it. (It has to end “_ine”, like “Methionine”) 11. Invent a function for your protein. What is your protein for? 12. Make three observations you can tell observing your protein. 13. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. Proteins have four kinds of structure called primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure Primary structure A chain of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Secondary structure occurs when hydrogen bonds join the primary chains of amino acids together. The result is a helical coil of sheetlike array. Tertiary structure results from the interactions between different areas of the protein to form a three dimensional shape. Quaternary structure results when two or more polypeptide chains, called subunits, combine to produce large protein structures. 1. Write a sequence of amino acids: _______________________________________________________ 2. Make a protein by linking several amino acids. Be sure that they combine different amino acids 3. Label your protein with a name you invent for it. (It has to end “_ine”, like “Methionine” ) 4. Invent a function for your protein. What is your protein for? Protein name Protein function How are they similar? How are they different? Proteins are organic compounds. Proteins contain the following elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, as well as nitrogen. Proteins are made of many units called amino acids. Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end. There are 20 different amino acids in nature that are found as parts of proteins. With 20 amino acids the number of proteins is unlimited. The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. Each protein has a specific role. * Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. * Some are used to form bones and muscles. * Others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease. Proteins can have up to four levels of organization. The first level is the sequence of amino acids in protein chain. Second, the amino acids within a chain can be twisted or folded. Third, the chain itself is folded. If a protein has more than one chain, each chain has a specific arrangement in space. Hydrogen bonds help to maintain a protein´s shape. a. Proteins are compounds that contain______________, _______________, carbon hydrogen oxygen ____________, as well as ________________. nitrogen amino-acids b. A protein is a molecule that consists of a chain of subunits called ________________ 20 different amino acids and the genetic information in our ______ c. There are ______ DNA determines how they're put together hundreds of amino acids, all folding into a structure d. A single protein consists of _____________ with a specific ___________. Shape / structure / job e. The job of a protein is determine by its___________________ shape unlimited f. The number of possible proteins is _____________________ g. Proteins are ______________ molecules. large Hair, skin, muscle, bones h. Proteins made the following body tissues:__________________________________ i. Functions (jobs) of proteins are:___________________________________________ off disease (antibodies) · To fight __________________________________________________________ To run the chemical reactions in our bodies. __________________________________________________________ To send messages · To transport __________________________________________________________ other molecules. · major component in all of our cells. An example of proteins is They are a ________ ______________________ hemoglobin carbon hydrogen nitrogen Amino-acids oxygen 20 Amino group Transport other molecules Acid group Control Chemical reactions Send messages Examine the above molecule, What kind of molecule is it? Explain. Aim: Learn about different kinds of proteins. Do Now: List 3 functions of proteins http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/home/home.do Hormones: •Regulate metabolism •Produce by glands and carried through the bloodstream Hemoglobin: •Transports oxygen from lungs to body cells •Present in red blood cells Myosin and actin: •Responsible for contraction of muscle •Present in muscles Antibodies: •Fight off diseases, viruses, bacteria •Produce by white blood cells, •present in the immune system Enzymes: •Control thousands of chemical reactions of the living cell •Present in all our cells and tissues Keratin and collagen: •Form structural units for animal tissues •In hair, wool, nails, horn, hoofs, and the quills of feathers Enzyme or catalyst Growth Hormone Collagen & keratin Antibody Hemoglobin Miosin & actin 1.What kind of molecule? 1.Made of the following elements 1.Is there any chain of carbons? 1.Is Carbon the main element? 1.What is it size? 1.What kind of bonds (single, double) connect carbon atoms? 1.Is this molecule an organic molecule? 1.Where is this molecule present? 1.Name two functions of this molecule Amino-acid Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Yes Yes large Single Yes Hair, nails, muscle, bones Control metabolism Fight off diseases Transport oxygen Lipid, unsaturated Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Carbohydrate, simple sugar, glucose Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Yes Yes Yes Yes large large Single, double Single Yes Yes Fruit, potato, rice Olive oil Store energy Waterproof coverings Cell membrane component Store energy Structural purposes in plants Protein Name Main Function Where is it located? Hormones: Regulate metabolism •Produce by glands and carried through the bloodstream Hemoglobin: Transports oxygen from lungs to body cells Present in red blood cells Myosin and actin: Responsible for contraction of muscle Present in muscles Antibodies: Fight off diseases, viruses, bacteria Produce by white blood cells, present in the immune system Keratin and collagen: Form structural units for animal tissues In hair, wool, nails, horn, hoofs, and the quills of feathers Enzymes: Control thousands of chemical reactions of the living cell Present in all our cells and tissues