Download What are proteins?

Aim: What are proteins?
Complete the diagram about the different kind of organic compounds.
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1.
Describe these three molecules.
2.
What do these molecules have in common?
3.
How do they differ?
4.
Label each molecule.
Compare all these molecules
1. What do they have in common?
2. How do they differ?
3. What is the name of these molecules?
Compare the amino acids to each other.
Circle in green the amino group (-NH2) of each amino acid.
Circle in blue the carboxyl group (-COOH) of each amino acid.
Circle in red the part of the amino acid that is different in every
amino acid?
Which parts of the amino acid are the same in every amino acid?
Which parts are the same in every amino acid?
Compare all these molecules
1. What do they have in common?
2. How are they different?
3. What is the name of these molecules?
Compare the amino acids to each other.
Circle in green the amino group (-NH2) of each amino acid.
Circle in blue the carboxyl group (-COOH) of each amino acid.
Circle in red the part of the amino acid that is different in every amino
acid?
Which parts of the amino acid are the same in every amino acid?
Which parts are the same in every amino acid?
Complete the table with the name of amino acids and the abbreviation.
There are 20 common types of
amino acids
Amino acids contain
a) an amino group
b) an acid group
c) and a unique group of elements
called the R group that makes it
different from the other amino
acids.
Name of amino acid
Abbreviation
Name of amino acid
Abbreviation
Alanine
Ala
Leu
Arg
Lys
Asn
Met
Asp
Phe
Cys
Pro
Glu
Ser
Gln
Thr
Gly
Trp
His
Tyr
Ile
Val
What do most of the amino acid names have in common?
Almost all the amino-acids names end in “____ ine”
Formation of a polypeptide chain
When three or more amino acids are linked together, they are called a polypeptide chain
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch02/peptide_bonding.html\
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acids
Aim: How to make a protein?
Do Now: List 4 things you already know about proteins and amino acids
9.
Construct a polypeptide or protein following
the sequence of amino acids.
10. Label your protein with a name you invent for
it. (It has to end “_ine”, like “Methionine”)
11.
Invent a function for your protein. What is
your protein for?
12. Make three observations you can tell
observing your protein.
13. Complete the sentences using the words in the
box.
Proteins have four kinds of structure called primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
Primary structure
A chain of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds.
Secondary structure
occurs when hydrogen bonds join the primary chains of amino acids together.
The result is a helical coil of sheetlike array.
Tertiary structure
results from the interactions between different areas of
the protein to form a three dimensional shape.
Quaternary structure
results when two or more polypeptide chains, called subunits,
combine to produce large protein structures.
1. Write a sequence of amino acids: _______________________________________________________
2. Make a protein by linking several amino acids. Be sure that they combine different amino acids
3. Label your protein with a name you invent for it. (It has to end “_ine”, like “Methionine” )
4. Invent a function for your protein. What is your protein for?
Protein name
Protein function
How are they
similar?
How are they
different?
Proteins are organic compounds.
Proteins contain the following elements: carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, as well as nitrogen.
Proteins are made of many units called amino acids.
Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on
the other end.
There are 20 different amino acids in nature that are
found as parts of proteins.
With 20 amino acids the number of proteins is
unlimited.
The instructions for arranging
amino acids into many different
proteins are stored in DNA.
Each protein has a specific role.
* Some proteins control the
rate of reactions and regulate
cell processes.
* Some are used to form bones
and muscles.
* Others transport substances
into or out of cells or help to
fight disease.
Proteins can have up to four levels of
organization.
The first level is the sequence of amino acids in
protein chain.
Second, the amino acids within a chain can be
twisted or folded.
Third, the chain itself is folded. If a protein has
more than one chain, each chain has a specific
arrangement in space.
Hydrogen bonds help to maintain a protein´s
shape.
a. Proteins are compounds that contain______________,
_______________,
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
____________,
as well as ________________.
nitrogen
amino-acids
b. A protein is a molecule that consists of a chain of subunits called ________________
20 different amino acids and the genetic information in our ______
c. There are ______
DNA
determines how they're put together
hundreds of amino acids, all folding into a structure
d. A single protein consists of _____________
with a specific ___________.
Shape / structure / job
e. The job of a protein is determine by its___________________
shape
unlimited
f. The number of possible proteins is _____________________
g. Proteins are ______________
molecules.
large
Hair, skin, muscle, bones
h. Proteins made the following body tissues:__________________________________
i. Functions (jobs) of proteins are:___________________________________________
off disease (antibodies)
· To fight
__________________________________________________________
To run the chemical reactions in our bodies.
__________________________________________________________
To send
messages
· To transport
__________________________________________________________
other molecules.
·
major component in all of our cells. An example of proteins is
They are a ________
______________________
hemoglobin
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
Amino-acids
oxygen
20
Amino
group
Transport
other
molecules
Acid
group
Control
Chemical
reactions
Send
messages
Examine the above molecule,
What kind of molecule is it?
Explain.
Aim: Learn about different kinds of proteins.
Do Now: List 3 functions of proteins
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/home/home.do
Hormones:
•Regulate metabolism
•Produce by glands and carried through
the bloodstream
Hemoglobin:
•Transports oxygen from lungs to body cells
•Present in red blood cells
Myosin and actin:
•Responsible for contraction of muscle
•Present in muscles
Antibodies:
•Fight off diseases, viruses, bacteria
•Produce by white blood cells,
•present in the immune system
Enzymes:
•Control thousands of chemical reactions of the
living cell
•Present in all our cells and tissues
Keratin and collagen:
•Form structural units for animal tissues
•In hair, wool, nails, horn, hoofs, and the quills of feathers
Enzyme or catalyst
Growth Hormone
Collagen & keratin
Antibody
Hemoglobin
Miosin & actin
1.What kind of molecule?
1.Made of the following
elements
1.Is there any chain of
carbons?
1.Is Carbon the main
element?
1.What is it size?
1.What kind of bonds
(single, double) connect
carbon atoms?
1.Is this molecule an
organic molecule?
1.Where is this molecule
present?
1.Name two functions of
this molecule
Amino-acid
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Yes
Yes
large
Single
Yes
Hair, nails, muscle, bones
Control metabolism
Fight off diseases
Transport oxygen
Lipid, unsaturated
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Carbohydrate, simple
sugar, glucose
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
large
large
Single, double
Single
Yes
Yes
Fruit, potato, rice
Olive oil
Store energy
Waterproof coverings
Cell membrane component
Store energy
Structural purposes in plants
Protein Name
Main Function
Where is it located?
Hormones:
Regulate metabolism
•Produce by glands and carried
through the bloodstream
Hemoglobin:
Transports oxygen from lungs
to body cells
Present in red blood cells
Myosin and actin:
Responsible for contraction of
muscle
Present in muscles
Antibodies:
Fight off diseases, viruses,
bacteria
Produce by white blood cells,
present in the immune system
Keratin and collagen:
Form structural units for animal
tissues
In hair, wool, nails, horn, hoofs,
and the quills of feathers
Enzymes:
Control thousands of chemical
reactions of the living cell
Present in all our cells and
tissues