Download Organic Compounds

Organic
Compounds
Compounds containing
carbon that
make up living things
 Most
of a living thing is water
(40-92%)
 The bulk of the remaining
matter is organic compounds
and contain carbon
4 Groups of Organic
Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
 composed of C, H, and O; in
a 1:2:1 ratio (i.e. C6H12O6)
 called the sugars
 ring shaped molecules
Structural formula of a simple
carbohydrate
Abbreviated structural formula
Carbohydrates
Can be:
• monosaccharides
• disaccharides or
• polysaccharides
Small monomers bond to form
polymers
Polymers can be broken down
into monomers
 main
energy source for all living
things (used in cell respiration)
 short-term energy storage
 Cellulose makes up plant cell
walls
 Complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides) make up fiber
in the human digestive system
 Atoms
in carbohydrates are used
to make other compounds in the
body
 Glycogen is a carbohydrate made
from long chains of glucose;
stored in the liver
 Starch is long chains of
carbohydrates made by plants
When carbohydrates are
consumed…



Bonds between the larger carbohydrate
molecules are broken so that simple sugars
can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
The bloodstream carries the simple sugars to
cells throughout the body.
Once inside the cells, simple sugars are used
as fuel in the process of cellular respiration,
releasing energy which is stored as ATP.
Lipids
 composed
of C, H and O (one type
contains phosphorus)
 formed by bonding glycerol and
fatty acids (3 fatty acids can bond
to a glycerol molecule)
Examples of
Lipids
 wax
(covering of plants to
prevent evaporation of
H2O)
 oil (energy storage in
plants; liquids at room
temperature)
Examples of
Lipids
 fats
(long term energy
storage in animals and
insulation; solid at room
temperature)
 phospholipids (make up cell
membranes)
When fats are consumed…
 Molecules are broken down absorbed
into the bloodstream.
 The glycerol and fatty acid molecules
are carried by the blood stream
throughout the body.
 Once inside the cell, glycerol and fatty
acids are stored for later use or used
as fuel for cellular respiration if there
are no carbohydrates available.
Proteins
 composed
of C, H, O, N and
sometimes S
 there are 20 different types of
amino acids that bond in long
chains
 12 of the amino acids are made
by the human body; the rest
must be consumed in food
Basic structure of an amino acid
Amino Acids
Proteins are long chains of
amino acids
The amino acids make bonds
with each other to form a
globular shape
Antibody and flu virus
Types of Protein
•
•
•
•
antibodies
collagen
enzymes
contractile proteins found in
muscle
• most hormones (such as insulin)
• transport proteins in membranes
• keratin in hair and nails
When proteins are consumed…
 Bonds are broken and individual amino
acids are absorbed into the bloodstream.
 The amino acids are carried by the blood
stream to cells throughout the body.
 Once inside the cell, they are used as raw
materials to make all proteins required by
the organism.
 Proteins are only used as energy AFTER
carbohydrates and lipids are used. (Which
doesn’t usually happen!)
Nucleic Acids
• deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• makes up the genetics of a cell
Nucleotides
QUIZ TIME!
What are the monomers of
proteins?
• amino acids
• nucleotides
• glycerol and fatty
acids
• monosaccharides
DNA & RNA belong to which
group of compounds?
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
What compounds are made
from glycerol and fatty
acids?
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• polysaccharides
Most organic
compounds are
which type?
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids