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Cell Growth and Division
Ag Biology
Ms. Prescott
• Cell cycle– series of events that cells go through as they grow and
divide
• Mitosis– process by which the number of chromosomes per
cell is cut in half through the separation of
homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
• Chromatid– one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated
chromosome.
• Centromere– area where the chromatids of chromosome are
attached
• Centriole– one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm
of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
• Spindle– fanlike microtubule structure that help separate the
chromosomes during mitosis
• Prophase– first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosomes become visible and the centrioles
separate and take up positions on the opposite
sides of the nucleus.
10-2 Vocabulary
• Metaphase-
– second phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
• Anaphase– the third phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosome pairs separate and move towards
opposite poles
• Telophase– fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of
dense material
• Cytokinesis– division of the cytoplasm during cell division
10-2 Cell Division
1. The Cell Cycle
a. A cell grows, prepares for division, and
divides to form two daughter cells
b. The cell cycle includes, four stages
i.
G1 phase: Gap phase where growth happens
ii. Synthesis phase: chromosomes copied & DNA
made
iii. G2 phase: Gap phase where growth happens
iv. Mitosis phase: cell nucleus divides and new cells
form
10-2 Cell Division
2.
Mitosis is the dividing phase of the
cell cycle- there are four steps and one
dividing period
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5
Spindle
forming
Centrioles
Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Interphase
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Go to
Section:
Spindle
Centriole
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Centriole
Individual
chromosomes
Anaphase
Metaphase
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis
and Cytokinesis
Spindle
forming
Centrioles
Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Interphase
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Go to
Section:
Spindle
Centriole
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Centriole
Individual
chromosomes
Metaphase
Anaphase
a. Prophase: DNA condenses into
chromosomes & the nuclear envelope
breaks down
Figure 10–5 Mitosis
and Cytokinesis
Spindle
forming
Centrioles
Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Interphase
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Spindle
Centriole
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Centriole
Individual
chromosomes
Metaphase
Anaphase
b. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up
across the center of the cell
Figure 10–5 Mitosis
and Cytokinesis
Spindle
forming
Centrioles
Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Interphase
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Spindle
Centriole
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Centriole
Individual
chromosomes
Metaphase
Anaphase
c. Anaphase: Sister chromatids are
pulled to opposite ends of the cell
Figure 10–5 Mitosis
and Cytokinesis
Spindle
forming
Centrioles
Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Interphase
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Spindle
Centriole
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Centriole
Individual
chromosomes
Metaphase
Anaphase
d. Telophase: chromosomes loosen up and
the nuclear envelope reforms around
each cluster of chromatids
Figure 10–5 Mitosis
and Cytokinesis
Spindle
forming
Centrioles
Nuclear
envelope
Chromatin
Interphase
Centromere
Chromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Spindle
Centriole
Telophase
Nuclear
envelope
reforming
Centriole
Individual
chromosomes
Metaphase
Anaphase
e. Cytokinesis: the cell splits into 2 identical cells
Section 10-2
Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle
G1 phase
M phase
S phase
G2 phase
Go to
Section:
Concept Map
Cell Cycle
includes
M phase
(Mitosis)
Interphase
is divided into
G1
phase
Go to
Section:
S
phase
is divided into
G2 phase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase