Download CH # 2C

Chapter 2C
The Cell in Action
Exchange with the Environment…..
• Cells get rid of wastes through the cell
membrane
• Diffusion – The movement of particle from
an area of high concentration
to an area of low
concentration without
needing any energy
Exchange with the environment…..
Exchange with the Environment…..
Exchange with the Environment…..
• Osmosis – the diffusion of water particles
through a semipermeable
membrane
Exchange with the Environment…..
• Moving small particles –
Passive Transport – moving particles
without the use of
energy
Active Transport – moving particles
with the use of
energy
Exchange with the Environment…..
Exchange with the Environment…..
• Moving LARGE Particles –
Endocytosis – moves particles into the
cell
Exocytosis – moves particles out of the
cell
Exchange with the Environment…..
Section 2
• Cell Energy – Almost all energy that fuels
life comes from the sun
Cell Energy…..
• Photosynthesis – process carried out by
plants/algae in which
they convert light energy
into chemical energy
- occurs in chloroplasts
- chlorophyll (pigment) absorbs
energy from sun
- also need water and carbon
dioxide
Cell Energy…..
Cell Energy…..
• Photosynthesis –
- makes glucose (sugar)
- makes oxygen (waste)
Getting Energy from Food…..
• Animal Cells – 2 ways
1)
cellular respiration
2)
fermentation
Getting Energy from Food…..
• Cellular Respiration –
- occurs in MITOCHONDRIA of cells
- food (glucose) is broken down into
water and carbon dioxide and
releases energy
Getting Energy from Food…..
• Fermentation –
- occurs in MITOCHONDRIA
- uses carbon dioxide
- releases less energy than cellular
respiration
- releases LACTIC ACID
**SORE MUSCLES**
Getting Energy from Food…..
• Plants - 1 way
- Cellular Respiration
- same as ANIMALS
The Connection Between Photosynthesis
and Cellular Respiration
Section 3
• The Cell Cycle –
• Eukaryotic cells
• Begins when a cell is formed and ends when it divides
in two
• DNA must be copied before a cell can reproduce
The Cell Cycle…..
• DNA is found on chromosomes
• # of chromosomes differ
Humans - 46
Fruit Flies - 8
* Chromosomes in similar pairs are called
Homologous Chromosomes
The Cell Cycle…..
The Cell Cycle…..
• 3 Major Steps:
1 - cell grows and copies organelles and
chromosomes
2- chromatids separate (MITOSIS)
3- cytoplasm divides (CYTOKINESIS)
The Cell Cycle…..
1-
The Cell Cycle…..
• 2-
The Cell Cycle…..
• 3-
The Cell Cycle…..
• 3-
The Cell Cycle…..
• 3-
The Cell Cycle…..
• PROKARYOTIC
CELLS…………..
- Bacteria
- Binary Fission –
(splitting in 2)