Download Nervous System Chapter 14 – 18

Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
Nervous System
Chapter 14 – 18
I. Organization
Structural:
1.
2.
Functional:
1. Sensory (afferent) division
2. Motor (efferent) division
II. Neuron Structure
A neuron is a
Cell body – __________ ___________ for receiving, integrating (processing) and sending
nerve impulses.
Nissl bodies – made of
Dendrites –
Axon –
Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) _
Wrap around
About
Composed of
Sometimes this is called the
Neurilemma –
The ______________ of the Schwann cell containing the
Not continuous – has
1
Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
Advantages of the myelin sheath.
1.
2.
Some axons do not have myelin sheaths. Figure _______
III. Axon Regeneration figure ________
IV. Neuron Classification
1. Structural Figure ________
Unipolar –
Bipolar –
Multipolar –
2. Functional:
Sensory neurons –
Interneurons –
Motor neurons –
V. Glial Cells
1. Astrocytes –
2. Ependymal cells –
3. Microglia –
4. Oligodendrocytes –
VI. Nerve
2
Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
VII. Synapse
VIII. Neuronal Pools
Neurons organized into
1. converging circuit – several neurons send impulse to
Example:
2. diverging circuit – one (few) neuron(s) sends impulse to
Example:
The Spinal Cord Chapter 16
I. The spinal cord – figure _______
II. Sectional Anatomy
1. Gray Matter -
2. White Matter –
Ascending tracts __________ ____ ______________ information.
Descending tracts ___________ _____ ____________ information.
3
Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
III. Reflexes
An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus.
Five steps of the reflex arc. Figure _____________.
A. Involuntary Actions –
B. Automatic Actions –
C. Stretching Reflex –
D. Withdrawal Reflex –
Interneuron directs response to muscles that pull away injured part and also
deadens anatagonist muscles. Examples:
The Brain Chapter 15
I. Meninges
Protective membranes of brain and spinal cord.
1. Dura Mater –
2. Arachnoid –
3. Pia Mater –
II. Ventricles
Four _______________ in the brain.
Filled with ___________________ __________.
Functions:
1. Brings ____________ to and takes away __________ from the brain cells
2.
4
Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
III. Blood Brain Barrier
In the brain, _________ ______________ between adjacent endothelial cells don’t allow material to
diffuse between cells out of the capillary. Also, __________________ wrap around (and completely
enclose) capillaries so that any substance that can diffuse through the capillary wall must also diffuse
through the astrocyte to get the brain.
IV. Cerebrum
1. Two large hemispheres connected by the _________________________.
Connects both halves and allows communication.
2. Surface of brain contains
a)
b)
Cerebral cortex –
Thin, gray matter layer on surface of brain that goes in and out of the grooves…this provides
for a _________________________ for neuron dendrites, cell bodies and unmyl. neurons.
Under the cerebral cortex – is white matter – myelinated neurons that act as
3. Lobes
(A) Frontal
1. Intellectual functions 2. Personality 3. Verbal communication – Motor speech area (Broca’s area) controls muscular movements
for __________________
4. Primary motor cortex – in the precentral gyrus
– neurons send impulses to _____________________
(B) Parietal
Primary somatosensory cortex (in postcentral gyrus)
Wernicke’s Area – understanding speech and _____________________
5
Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
(C) Temporal
Interpretation of _______________ and _______________ sensations.
(D) Occipital
(E) Insula
Interpretation of __________ and _____________.
4. Association Areas
Connects sensory and motor “cortical” areas in all areas of the brain
Interprets incoming
coordinates response
e.g. vision music smell Wernike’s - recognizing, understanding, comprehending spoken/written language
Gnostic area (common integrative area) –combines sensory, visual, and auditory information
Example:
Higher order processing centers – pages ____________
Processes several association areas for ____________________________________
involving speech, cognition (awareness, knowledge, memory), understanding spatial
relationships.
V. Diencephalon
1. (Epithalamus)
Contains pineal gland – (later – endocrine chapter)
2. Thalamus –
a) relay station (integration) for
b) information filter 3. Hypothalamus
a)
b)
c)
d)
VI. Brainstem
1. Midbrain contains the
6
Anatomy P110/J.Wiens
Porterville College
2. Pons
3. Medulla Oblongata
Most nerves cross over here.
a) Cardiac center regulates…
b) Vasomotor center regulates…
c) Respiratory center regulates…
d) Reflex center regulates…
4. Reticular Formation - sits in the midbrain and medulla
Function:
VII. Cerebellum
Center for
VIII. Limbic System
(multiple structures including the hypothalamus)
A center for
Forms a __________ around the ____________ __________.
The Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter 18
consists of cranial and spinal nerves
7