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Taking Action: How Agriculture in Western Washington Is Adapting To and Mitigating Against the Effects of Climate Change Nichole M. Embertson, Ph.D. Whatcom Conservation District Climate Change Symposium October 25, 2012 Salmon Shellfish Agriculture Dairy Livestock Agriculture Berry Crop Resources 125 Dairies 56,000 milk cows 70% North America raspberry production 80,000 acres of crop land Impacted resources Changing for Climate Change “The only thing that is constant is change” – Heraclitus Ag Climate Change in the News Ag Climate Change Resources Text GHG and Climate Change Greenhouse gases contribute to global climate change CO2 1 CO2 eq CH4 21 CO2 eq N2O 310 CO2 eq Agriculture Contribution to CC Carbon Dioxide (<1%; -14%) Sink – Sequestration by plants Source – Vehicle emission, deforestation Nitrous Oxide (~69%) Source – De/nitrification of nitrogen in soils Methane (~33%) Source Eructation: 30% – Ruminates, anaerobic decomposition Flatulation: 45% Decomposition of Manure: 25% Reduction of GHG Contribution Equipment emissions Change from diesel/gas to electric More efficient engines On-farm emissions Digesters Field Emissions Modify practices to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) Use manure instead of chemical fertilizer Reduce - reduce methane (CH4) emissions external production of GHG Source local Impacts of Climate ∆ on Agriculture Temperature Effect Precipitation Effect crop type/yield and animal performance planting dates and irrigation, runoff Extreme weather events (i.e., flood, drought, wind, etc.) Pest and disease vectors Impact crops and animals Increase in atmospheric CO2 Positive for plants Impacts of Climate ∆ on Agriculture Economics Effects choices and behavior Land conversion Conversion System inputs Feed availability, price of inputs, etc. Seed availability Favorable from crop to urban crop types not available Monoculture systems Not able to adapt Adaptation to Impacts of Climate ∆ Change crop variety and rotation - biodiversity Genetic selection of crop and animals – vigor Planting and harvest dates Irrigation schedule Use manure instead of chemical fertilizer Field drainage management Pest management RESOURCE TRADE OFFS Climate Change and YOU How are you impacted? Food prices Community structure Livelihood Change in landscape What can you do? Reduce your impacts Support agriculture “doing it right” Support local business making an impact Thank You! Nichole M. Embertson, Ph.D. Whatcom Conservation District O: (360) 354-2035 x 126 W: www.WhatcomCD.org E: [email protected] Disclaimer: The reproduction or use of any of the images or content within this document is not allowed without prior approval from the creator.