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Diatom Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information We have been studied since the late 1900’s, however we became way more interesting as microscopes improved. We are especially important in oceans, where they are estimated to contribute up to 45% of the total oceanic primary production I’m closely related to: Protists are divided into three groups depending on how they get food and move. I am most like a plant. Other plant-like protists include: algae, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? I make my own food with a process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process where we use energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar (our food) and oxygen. Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. I have a flexible cell membrane like an animal cell, but outside of that I also have a thick structure made of silica. This cell wall is really two silica shell halves that (kind of like a clam shell) This structure helps my cells keep their shape, provides protection to my cells, and helps keep water in. Each of me is so tiny you can only see me with a microscope. I live in water and only drift where the currents take me. I don’t get any choice in where I go. This means that I’m called plankton (which means ocean creature that can’t move). I reproduce by simply splitting into two new cells (binary fission). The cell splits so that each new cell gets half of the cell wall and then makes the other half when the division is complete. Am I a producer or consumer? Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Cool Facts • There are more than 200 genera of living diatoms, and it is estimated that there are approximately 100,000 species currently found on Earth. • Diatoms are used in toothpaste. They are very fine abrasives . . . they help in the tooth brushing process to remove plaque. • We take in about 20% of the world’s carbon dioxide (that’s more than all the world’s tropical rainforests). Brown Algae Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information I live in the ocean or other water environments. I stick to the bottom of the body of water, then grow up toward the surface. I soak in sunlight for my energy and can grow really big! I’m closely related to: Other “plant-like” protists like green and red algae, and dinoflagelates. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? I soak up energy from the sun and combine it with carbon dioxide and water to create sugar, when I then use to fuel my cells. Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. I have a flexible cell membrane like an animal cell, but outside of that I also have a thick structure. This structure helps my cells keep their shape, provides protection to my cells, and helps keep water in. I can be up to 70 m tall, you can easily see me with the naked eye. My cells are organized into tissues, but all the tissues are pretty much the same. I send rootlike tendrils into the ground at the bottom of the body of water that I live in. In one generation I only make more cells just like me, but my kids become sperm or egg cells. Their kids will have 2 set of genes again. This keeps happening every other generation. Am I a producer or consumer? Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Cool Facts • Brown algae can form huge underwater forests that are important habitats and food sources for other organisms. • The largest brown algae can grow to be more than 70 m tall! • I am dried and ground up to use in foods and other products as well as fertilizer for crops. • Kelp is one of my most famous family members. Dinoflagellate Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information The outside of my cell is really hard, but I have one or more whip-like tails (flagella) that allow me to spin and move a little bit. Generally I get carried around by the water though. I’m closely related to: Other “plant-like” protists like green, red, and brown algae. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? Almost all of my family soak up energy from the sun and combine it with carbon dioxide and water to create sugar, when I then use to fuel my cells. Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. I have a flexible cell membrane like an animal cell, but outside of that I also have a thick structure. This structure helps my cells keep their shape, provides protection to my cells, and helps keep water in. I am super tiny and you can’t see me with the naked eye. The largest of me is only 2mm across. I have one or more whip-like tails (flagella) that help me to whip around a little bit, but I’m not stronger than the current, so I get swept along and am technically plankton. Usually I just divide in half, but in bad conditions I’ll join up with a partner, become one big spiky blob, hibernate for a while, then break into pieces that are new dinoflagellates with a mix of genes. Am I a producer or consumer? Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Cool Facts • Some of my family members glow when disturbed by mixing two chemicals inside their body. You can see them at night behind moving boats making the water light up. • One of my family members can reproduce so much in the summer that we turn the water red. It’s called a red tide. • With a red tide we give off a poison that huts the nerves and brains of other living things (including people if you eat a fish that ate us. Euglenoid Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information I’m fun and baffling because I move like an animal, detect light with an “eyespot” but make my own food like a plant! I’m part of why protists need their own kingdom! I’m closely related to: Both “plant-like” and “animal-like” protists. I make classification really complicated. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: Almost all of my family soak up energy from the sun and combine it with carbon dioxide and water to create sugar, when I then use to fuel my cells. Am I a producer or consumer? Cool Facts • I have an eyespot which can tell how bright the light is. • I have flagellas (whip-like tails) that allows me to move around to places with more light. • I tend to live in freshwater like lakes and ponds, but can be found in the ocean too. • Some of my species can eat tiny bacteria in addition to making their own food. Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. I have a flexible cell membrane like an animal cell. I am super tiny and you can’t see me with the naked eye. I look super cool under a microscope though! Look for my eyespot. I generally have 2 whiplike tails (flagella) that help me to wiggle around. I reproduce by dividing in half to make two, nearly identical Euglenas. Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Paramecium Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information I live in freshwater like ponds and lakes usually. I use tiny hairs called cillia around my body to move around. I also use it to push tiny bacteria into my cell to eat them. I’m closely related to: Other “animal-like” protists like amoebas. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: I use my cillia (tiny hairs) to push tiny bacteria into a groove in the outside of my cell where I pull it into the cell and digest it. Am I a producer or consumer? Cool Facts • I sometimes have more than one nucleus (that’s like the brain or directions of the cell) • I have tiny vacuoles that allow me to squirt water in and out of my cell. • I use my cillia (tiny hairs) to move around and to push little bacteria into a groove in my cell so that I can eat them. • Just one of me can eat up to 5,000 bacteria in a day! Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. I have a flexible cell membrane like an animal cell. I am super tiny and you can’t see me with the naked eye. I look super cool under a microscope though! I have been dyed red to be more visible. I use tiny hairs called cillia all over my body to push myself through the water. I usually reproduce by myself, but I can fuse with another paramecium and mix up out genes. Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Amoeba Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information I usually live in freshwater like lakes, ponds and rivers, but sometimes live in the bodies of animals. I eat most anything smaller than me such as paramecia, bacteria or algae. I’m closely related to: Other “animal-like” protists like paramecia. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: I use my body to create blob like arms called pseudo pods (means fake-foot) to wrap around the tiny organisms like bacteria that I eat then pull them into my cell. Am I a producer or consumer? Cool Facts • I help people by eating algae and other microorganisms in fresh water. • I can also hurt people by causing disease like dysentery (causes deadly diarrhea). • My name is Greek and means “to change” • Some of my family cover their outside in sand or a shell-like substance with a hole for pseudo pods to come out. • In tough conditions I can curl into a ball and hide out until things get better. Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. I have a flexible cell membrane like an animal cell. I am super tiny and you can’t see me with the naked eye. I look super cool under a microscope though! Try to find me dyed a color though since I’m hard to see when I’m clear. I use blob like arms called pseudopods to move and to wrap myself around my food. I usually reproduce by myself by just growing and then dividing into two amoebas. Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Water Mold Kingdom: Protist An aquatic nymph being attacked by a water mold (the white fury stuff on the outside). Life Story: General Information I am well known to people who have aquariums because I attack fish, but even better known to farmers for my ability to destroy crops. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: Does it have a cell wall? I digest what I live on making me a decomposer. I take all of my nutrients from another living thing. Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. My cells are very like a fungus EXCEPT that my cell wall is made of a different mix of things than a fungus (actually closer to plants). Am I a producer or consumer? Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? I’m closely related to: Other “fungus-like” protists like slime molds. Cool Facts • One of my species attacked potatoes in Ireland in the 1845-1849 causing the Great Potato Famine • The Potato Famine killed 1/3 of the population and led another 1/3 to leave the country (that’s why so many American’s have Irish ancestorsME). • I was originally classified as a fungus, then scientists found out that we started as totally different organisms. How many cells is it made of? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Can it move? How do they reproduce? My spores have flagella, but once I land on something I put out rhizoids (like roots) into what I’m growing on and stay there for the rest of my life. Sometimes I release tiny spores with a little flagella (whip-like tail) that are just like me, and other times I release spores that need to meet up with a partner to make a new baby. Am I mobile or nonmobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? Slime Mold Kingdom: Protist Life Story: General Information My spores turn into tiny amoeba-like cells that can move around, but then swarm together with others and work together like one large organism. I can solve problems like a colony of bees can. I then make more spores. How does it get it’s food? Type of cells: Does it have a cell wall? How many cells is it made of? Can it move? How do they reproduce? I digest the stuff I live on like dead trees and leaves. This makes me a decomposer. Each of my cells has a nucleus (where the DNA is) and lots of other organelles that do special jobs like break down food, make protein, and deliver needed chemicals around the cell. The outside of my cell is thin and flexible like plastic wrap, but it can let stuff that I need in and out. I am actually a colony of single cells. We swarm together then join our cells to make one giant cell. We move around our cell insides to transport nutrients or respond to our environment. During the early part of my life cycle each cell can move around like an amoeba, but once I swarm into a large slime mold I’m stuck where I am and just decompose my surroundings. When conditions are bad I build tiny towers full of spores that get released into the environment. These grow into tiny amoeba like cells which then swarm to make a new slime mold. Since I’m made of many cells the new spores have a mix of genes. Am I a producer or consumer? Do I have simple cells or complex cells? Do I have a cell well or no cell wall? Am I made of one cell or many cells? Am I mobile or non-mobile? Does it take one to reproduce or does it take two? I’m closely related to: Other “fungus-like” protists like water molds. Cool Facts • Some of my species when living in groups have been able to solve mazes, predict outcomes, and balance our diet by communicating with other individuals using chemicals. • In my lifetime I am a spore, a mobile amoebalike organism, and a non-mobile fungus like organism. • I live in damp, hidden areas like decaying tree stumps but move into brighter areas to release my spores. • A few of my family members can glow in the dark.