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Insert Histogram Here
Draw A Histogram of Summarizing 100 Mutations
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)-My graph not shown
INSERT HISTOGRAM OF
STUDENT RESPONSE HERE
Put A Tick Mark Where A Mutation
Happens for 15 Mutations
A
B
C
D) My graph is not shown
A)
B)
C)
Dystrophin mutation rate is 100 times
higher than other genes: why so high?
• A)
Dystrophin mutation rate is 100 times
higher than other genes: why so high?
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•
•
•
•
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the explanations listed
B)
Mutation rate
per gene
A)
Gene Length
C)
E) My graph is not shown
D)
Why such a high mutation rate for
dystrophin?
• Gene is 2.4 Mb long
• Average normal gene is 10,000-20,000
bases
• 2,000,000/20,000 = 100 times longer
than normal gene
Consequences of A Large Gene
• Many “disease” alleles that cause
muscular dystrophy
Observed Distribution
Torella et al. 2010. Journal of
Molecular Dynamics 12: 65-73
Consequences of A Large Gene
• Many “disease” alleles that cause
muscular dystrophy
• Detected in domesticated organisms
– Why not from individuals in the wild?
VIDEO of MD Phenotype
Polar Bears
Number of New Alleles Per Generation
A) Less than 1
B) Between 1 and 10
C) Between 10 and 100
D) Between 100 and 1000
E) More than 1000
Polar Bears
Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a
population given the following data:
µ = 10-5 - 10-6 per gene per generation
Population size = 20,000
diploid
Total number of genes = 2 x 20,000 = 40,000
New alleles each generation = 40,000 x 10-6 to 40,000 x
10-5
New alleles each generation = 0.04 to 0.4
Humans
Number of New Alleles Per Generation
A) Less than 1
B) Between 1 and 10
C) Between 10 and 100
D) Between 100 and 1000
E) More than 1000
Humans
Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a
population given the following data:
µ = 10-5 - 10-6 per gene per generation
Population size = 7,000,000,000
Total number of genes = 2 x 7,000,000,000 =
14,000,000,000
New alleles each generation = 14,000,000,000 x 10-6 to
14,000,000,000 x 10-5
New alleles each generation = 14,000 to 140,000
Gut E. coli
Number of New Alleles Per Generation
A) Insert student answer
B) Insert student answer
C) Insert student answer
D) Insert student answer
E) None of the above
E. coli
Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a
population given the following data:
µ = 10-5 - 10-6 per gene per generation
Population size per human = 10 grams/1 x 10-12 cells/g =
1013 cells
Total number of genes = 7 x 109 x 1013 = 7 x 1022
New alleles each generation = 7 x 1022 x 10-6 to 7 x 1022 x
10-5
New alleles each generation = 7 x 1016 to 7 x 1017
….or 70,000,000,000,000,000 new alleles born per gene
per generation