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Insert Histogram Here Draw A Histogram of Summarizing 100 Mutations A) B) C) D) E)-My graph not shown INSERT HISTOGRAM OF STUDENT RESPONSE HERE Put A Tick Mark Where A Mutation Happens for 15 Mutations A B C D) My graph is not shown A) B) C) Dystrophin mutation rate is 100 times higher than other genes: why so high? • A) Dystrophin mutation rate is 100 times higher than other genes: why so high? • • • • • A) B) C) D) E) None of the explanations listed B) Mutation rate per gene A) Gene Length C) E) My graph is not shown D) Why such a high mutation rate for dystrophin? • Gene is 2.4 Mb long • Average normal gene is 10,000-20,000 bases • 2,000,000/20,000 = 100 times longer than normal gene Consequences of A Large Gene • Many “disease” alleles that cause muscular dystrophy Observed Distribution Torella et al. 2010. Journal of Molecular Dynamics 12: 65-73 Consequences of A Large Gene • Many “disease” alleles that cause muscular dystrophy • Detected in domesticated organisms – Why not from individuals in the wild? VIDEO of MD Phenotype Polar Bears Number of New Alleles Per Generation A) Less than 1 B) Between 1 and 10 C) Between 10 and 100 D) Between 100 and 1000 E) More than 1000 Polar Bears Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a population given the following data: µ = 10-5 - 10-6 per gene per generation Population size = 20,000 diploid Total number of genes = 2 x 20,000 = 40,000 New alleles each generation = 40,000 x 10-6 to 40,000 x 10-5 New alleles each generation = 0.04 to 0.4 Humans Number of New Alleles Per Generation A) Less than 1 B) Between 1 and 10 C) Between 10 and 100 D) Between 100 and 1000 E) More than 1000 Humans Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a population given the following data: µ = 10-5 - 10-6 per gene per generation Population size = 7,000,000,000 Total number of genes = 2 x 7,000,000,000 = 14,000,000,000 New alleles each generation = 14,000,000,000 x 10-6 to 14,000,000,000 x 10-5 New alleles each generation = 14,000 to 140,000 Gut E. coli Number of New Alleles Per Generation A) Insert student answer B) Insert student answer C) Insert student answer D) Insert student answer E) None of the above E. coli Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a population given the following data: µ = 10-5 - 10-6 per gene per generation Population size per human = 10 grams/1 x 10-12 cells/g = 1013 cells Total number of genes = 7 x 109 x 1013 = 7 x 1022 New alleles each generation = 7 x 1022 x 10-6 to 7 x 1022 x 10-5 New alleles each generation = 7 x 1016 to 7 x 1017 ….or 70,000,000,000,000,000 new alleles born per gene per generation