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ACHAEAN- One of two prokaryote domains that includes organisms with different plasma membranes and ribosomes than bacteria BACTERIA- One of two prokaryote domains that includes organisms with different plasma membranes and ribosomes than archaeans BIOLOGY- the study of life, living things, and the components and systems that maintain life CELL- basic unit of all life; an organized system of biological molecules enclosed by a membrane that separates the contents of the membrane from its surroundings CELL THEORY- one of the most fundamental concepts of biology which states: 1.) All living things are composed of cells. 2.) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. and 3.) New cells are produced from existing cells. CYTOPLASM- gel-like material inside cells NUCLEUS- membrane-bound organelle which contains genetic material DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material passed on from one generation to the next EUKARYOTE- cells that have cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and a nucleus GOLGI APPARATUS- a membrane-bound organelle composed of stacks of membranous sacks that modify and aid in the transport of proteins to their intended destinations MITOCHONDRION- membrane-bound organelle that releases energy ORGANELLE- specialized structure that performs important cellular functions in cells PLASMA MEMBRANE- a thin flexible layer around cells that makes the border between the cell and the outside environment PROKARYOTE- cells without nuclei. Include bacteria and archaea; first form of life on earth based on fossil evidence RIBOSOME- the organelle where proteins are made ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- a membrane-bound organelle that transports proteins SMOOTHENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- a membrane-bound organelle that makes lipids Vocabulary List A.1 BASIC BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES