Download The sequence of amino acids

Genotype
is the genetic composition of a cell
Genotype is
determined by
the sequence of DNA bases in its genes
Phenotype is
determined by
the proteins that are made when the
genes are expressed
The sequence of
amino acids
determine the structure, shape and
function of the protein produced
RNA is a
single strand of RNA nucleotides
RNA nucleotides
contain
ribose sugar, a phosphate and a base
(A,C,G or U)
mRNA carries a
rRNA and proteins
copy of the DNA code for a specific
protein from the nucleus to the
ribosome
form a ribosome
tRNA carries
a specific amino acid
Transcription
the copying of the DNA code for a
specific protein into mRNA
RNA polymerase
unwinds and unzips a specific section
of DNA
RNA polymerase can
only add
nucleotides to the 3’ end of mRNA
Primary Transcript of
mRNA
the mRNA that seperates from the
DNA template (before splicing)
Introns
non-coding regions of genes
Exons
coding regions of genes
Mature Transcript of
mRNA
formed when introns are removed
from the primary transcript and exons
are spliced together
nucleus to a ribosome
The mature transcript
of mRNA moves from
Codons
3 bases found on mRNA
mRNA codons are
complementary
to the triplet of bases on the original
DNA strand
tRNA is found
in the cytoplasm
Anticodons
the triplet of bases found on tRNA
tRNA anticodons are
complementary
to the mRNA codons
Methionine (AUG)
acts as a START codon
mRNA codons UAA,
UAG and UGA
do not code for amino acids but they
act as STOP codons
Ribosomes have
one binding site for mRNA and three
binding sites for tRNA
Polyribosome
a string of ribosomes carrying out
multiple translation on the same
mRNA strand
may be required to enable a protein to
perform its specific function
Post-translation
modifications
Post translation
modifications include
cutting or combining a polypeptide
chain, adding a carbohydrate or
phosphate