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Download The sequence of amino acids
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Genotype is the genetic composition of a cell Genotype is determined by the sequence of DNA bases in its genes Phenotype is determined by the proteins that are made when the genes are expressed The sequence of amino acids determine the structure, shape and function of the protein produced RNA is a single strand of RNA nucleotides RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugar, a phosphate and a base (A,C,G or U) mRNA carries a rRNA and proteins copy of the DNA code for a specific protein from the nucleus to the ribosome form a ribosome tRNA carries a specific amino acid Transcription the copying of the DNA code for a specific protein into mRNA RNA polymerase unwinds and unzips a specific section of DNA RNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of mRNA Primary Transcript of mRNA the mRNA that seperates from the DNA template (before splicing) Introns non-coding regions of genes Exons coding regions of genes Mature Transcript of mRNA formed when introns are removed from the primary transcript and exons are spliced together nucleus to a ribosome The mature transcript of mRNA moves from Codons 3 bases found on mRNA mRNA codons are complementary to the triplet of bases on the original DNA strand tRNA is found in the cytoplasm Anticodons the triplet of bases found on tRNA tRNA anticodons are complementary to the mRNA codons Methionine (AUG) acts as a START codon mRNA codons UAA, UAG and UGA do not code for amino acids but they act as STOP codons Ribosomes have one binding site for mRNA and three binding sites for tRNA Polyribosome a string of ribosomes carrying out multiple translation on the same mRNA strand may be required to enable a protein to perform its specific function Post-translation modifications Post translation modifications include cutting or combining a polypeptide chain, adding a carbohydrate or phosphate