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Transcript
Inside the Cell Protoplasm: the thick jellylike substance that takes up most of the cell. 2 regions: Within the nucleus (nucleoplasm) Outside the nucleus (cytoplasm) Cell Organization Cells have specific parts that perform specific functions. These parts are called organelles. Cells (and organisms) depend on each organelle performing its specified task correctly within the cell. Cell Parts 1)Mitochondria: the “powerhouse” of the cell. Responsible for cellular respiration, the “burning” of sugar for energy. -surrounded by a double membrane, with the inner membrane folding extensively inside the mitochondria. The extensive folding of the inner membrane allows an increase in surface area, which allows higher efficiency in transforming energy for the cell. The folds are called cristae. The central cavity is filled with liquid, called the matrix. 2) Chloroplasts: found ONLY in plant cells, they are responsible for capturing sunlight energy and transforming it into sugar (photosynthesis). -contains structures made of stacked membranes, called grana. The grana contain chlorophyll, a light trapping pigment. Chloroplasts within a plant cell 3) Nucleus: small spherical organelle surrounded by a double membrane. -responsible for containing the genetic material (chromosomes). -usually visible with a microscope, especially if stained. 4) Endoplasmic Reticulum: network of tube like structures within the cell. -acts as a transport system within the cell, especially for proteins. -sometimes referred to as the “ER”, It has two parts the smooth, and rough ER. The smooth ER is mostly responsible for phospholipid production. 5) Ribosomes: Located on the rough ER, they are responsible for protein synthesis. -very small, spherical organelles, usually attached to the rough ER, sometimes free floating in the cytoplasm. 6) Golgi Bodies: sets of flattened, slightly curved sacs. -involved in storage and secretion of cell products. -Cells that perform a secretory function have high numbers of golgi bodies. Ex: salivary cells, venom glands 7) Vacuoles: fluid filled areas, surrounded by a membrane . -generally used as storage for water, food, and minerals. -plant cells have vacuoles that are much larger than in animal cells, and usually hold water for the cell. 8) Lysosomes: small membrane bound spheres, usually filled with digestive enzymes needed to break down food particles or molecules. Digestive Enzymes Microfilaments and Microtubules: Parts of the “cytoskeleton”, or cells skeleton. Give structure to cells, and are also used in movement, both inside and outside the cell.