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Name_______________________ CELLS AND CELL PROCESSES UNIT QUESTIONS Grade 8 Unit – Cells and Cell Processes QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 582783333 FORMAT MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC STANDARD 1.1b 1.1b 1.1c 2.1a 1.1c 1.1f 1.1e 1.1a 1.1c 1.1e 1.1f 1.1a 2.1d 2.1e 2.1d 1.1e 1.1d 1.1a 2.1e 2.1d 2.1h 1.1c 1.1e 1.1c 1.1f, 4.4a 1.1e 4.4a 4.4c 4.4b 4.4c 1.1b 1.1d 1.1a 1.1a 1.1a 1.1a 1.1a 1.1a 1.1a 1.1a 2 (Cont.) Grade 8 Unit – Cells and Cell Processes QUESTION 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 582783333 FORMAT MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC MC STANDARD 1.1c 1.1c 1.1c 1.1d 1.1c 1.1c 1.1c 1.1b 1.1e 1.1g 1.1b 1.1b 2.1a 2.1a 2.1a 2.1a 2.1a 2.1a 2.1a 2.1a 2.1e 2.1d 3 Grade 8 Unit – Cells and Cell Processes QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 582783333 FORMAT CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR CR STANDARD 2.1d 2.1d 2.1a 2.1e 1.1a 1.1a 1.1e 1.1e 1.1e 2.1d 2.1e 2.1d 2.1d 1.1c 1.1c 1.1c 4.2a 4.2a 2.1e 2.1e 2.1e 2.1e 4 1. The process of “burning” food inside an organism’s cells to release energy is called 1) 2) 2. cytoplasm membranes sexual reproduction asexual reproduction extinction photosynthesis nucleus cell membrane 3) 4) chloroplast centriole chromosomes chloroplasts 3) 4) cell membranes cytoplasm tissue → cell → organ system → organ organ system → organ → cell → tissue organ → tissue → organ system → cell cell → tissue → organ → organ system cells organs 3) 4) organ systems tissues Which structure is the main control center of the cell? 1) 2) 10. 3) 4) If a new type of living thing is discovered, of which basic unit of structure will it most likely be composed? 1) 2) 9. chloroplasts. chromosomes. Of the following groups, which is organized from simple to complex? 1) 2) 3) 4) 8. chloroplast cell membrane Which of the following structures are found only in plant cells? 1) 2) 7. 3) 4) Which part of the cell controls cell activities and stores genetic material? 1) 2) 6. cytoplasm nucleus What is a major cause of variation within a species? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5. digestion. respiration. Hereditary information is found in a cell’s 1) 2) 4. 3) 4) Which part of a cell allows nutrients and other materials to enter or leave the cell? 1) 2) 3. excretion. photosynthesis. chloroplast cytoplasm 3) 4) mitochondria nucleus Which cell would be most efficient at transferring messages from one point to another? 1) 2) 582783333 skeletal muscle 3) 4) nerve skin 5 11. The destruction of its chlorophyll would most directly affect a plant’s ability to 1) 2) 12. 3) 4) 1/2 twice what is needed fertilization. meiosis. 3) 4) mitosis. mutation. egg, larva, pupa, adult egg, nymph, adult 3) 4) egg, pupa, larva, adult adult, egg, pupa, larva asexually. sexually. 3) 4) through fertilization. slowly. be identical. match its parents. 3) 4) differ according to cell function. differ according to cell location. The diagram at the right represents a cell process. If the cell in diagram 1 contains 4 chromosomes, what is the number of chromosomes in each cell in diagram 3? 1) 2) 19. 1/4 all The genetical information found in any human body cell will 1) 2) 18. amoeba virus A colony of organisms is found, all containing identical genes. This group of organisms most likely reproduces 1) 2) 17. 3) 4) Which represents the correct sequence of development for complete metamorphosis? 1) 2) 16. bacterium plant Cells identical to the parent cell are created by the process of 1) 2) 15. produce seeds. undergo photosynthesis. How much of a new individual’s genetic information is carried in a sex cell? 1) 2) 14. 3) 4) Which form of life is an exception of the cell theory? 1) 2) 13. take in minerals. transport water 8 2 3) 4) 16 4 Cancer is a disease characterized by the 1) 2) 3) 4) 582783333 uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. unlimited production of abnormal sex cells. uncontrolled replication and lining up of chromosomes. limited production of normal sex cells. 6 20. Each body cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would normally be present in a sex cell produced by this chimpanzee? 1) 2) 21. 24 36 3) 4) 48 96 The diagram below shows a cell. This cell would be found in which type of organism? A) B) C) D) 22. Tissue is composed of a group of A) B) C) D) 23. regulating the movement of nutrients storing and releasing chemicals carrying genetic material providing energy for activities A plant forms new tissue at the tips of its roots and stems. This new tissue growth is a direct result of A) B) C) D) 25. similar cells working together. different organs working together. organ systems working together. nuclei in a cell working together. What is the function of DNA in a cell? A) B) C) D) 24. animals fungi viruses plants circulation. coordination. cellular respiration. cell division. Which sequence correctly shows the levels of organization for structure and function in a human? A) B) C) D) 582783333 cell tissue organ organ system organ system cell tissue organ tissue organ organ system cell cell organ tissue organ system 7 26. Asexually produced offspring are genetically A) B) C) D) 27. Compared to the amount of hereditary information in a human body cell, how much hereditary information is contained in a human sex cell? A) B) C) D) 28. a conveyor belt that transport materials a storage bin that holds the pieces needed to assemble a car the computer room that controls the assembly process the generator that provides energy for the factory What is the basic unit of structure and function in protists and monerans? A) B) 32. Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots. Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant. Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants. A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows. The structures found in a living cell can be compared to the parts of a factory that produces cars. Which part of the factory is most similar to the nucleus of a living cell? A) B) C) D) 31. growth and repair. sexual reproduction. obtaining energy. production of sex cells. Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants? A) B) C) D) 30. one-quarter the amount one-half the amount the same amount twice the amount In the animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for A) B) C) D) 29. identical to the parent. different from the parent. different from each other. formed by two parents. cell system C) D) organ sytem Which organism is considered an exception to the cell theory because it has a noncellular structure? A) B) 582783333 alga bacterium C) D) virus moss 8 33. Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things. What is one of these characteristics? A) B) C) D) 34. The cell theory states that A) B) C) D) 35. Cells are microscopic. Cells have definite boundaries. Cells require oxygen for metabolism. Cells come fro preexisting cells. Which invention most influenced the development of the cell theory? A) B) C) D) 39. the discovery of many new species the development of techniques to determine the chemical composition of substances the increase in knowledge concerning factors influencing the rate of evolution the improvement in microscopes and microscopic techniques Which statement is part of the cell theory? A) B) C) D) 38. cell theory. lock-and-key model of enzyme activity. concept of natural selection. heterotroph hypothesis. Which factor contritubed most to the development of the cell theory? A) B) C) D) 37. all cells have nuclei that contain genetic information. living organisms are made of cells that arise from preexisting cells. all cells regenerate and contain the same basic structures. organisms that lack certain organelles reproduce by binary fission. Living things contain units of structure and function that arise from preexisting units. This statement best describes the A) B) C) D) 36. They are made up of many specialized cells. They contain genetic material. They reproduce by mitosis. They contain chlorophyll. ultracentrifuge light microscope thermometer electron microscope Most of the hereditary information that determines the traits of an organism is located in A) B) C) D) 582783333 only those cells of an individual produced by meiosis. the nuclei of body cells of an individual. certain genes in the vacuoles of body cells. the numerous ribosomes in certain cells. 9 40. Transport of molecules within animal cells occurs in the A) B) C) D) 41. Which letter in the diagram below indicates the cell membrane? 1) 2) 3) 4) 42. contractile vacuoles food vacuoles pseudopodia cilia A structure involved in regulating the movement of materials into a cell is the A) B) C) D) 44. A B C D Which structures are used by a paramecium for maintaining water balance? A) B) C) D) 43. cytoplasm. nucleus. ribosomes. chloroplast. ribosome. centriole. chloroplast. cell membrane. The diagram below shows a plant cell. Which cell structure is as a storage site for wastes? 1) 2) 582783333 A B 3) 4) C D 10 45. Which organelle contributes the energy for muscles in an earthworm? A) B) C) D) 46. Which statement best describes the cell membrane of a cell? A) B) C) D) 47. vacuoles chloroplasts mitochondria ribosomes It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It is composed of proteins only. It allows all substances in and out of the cell. It is only found in animal cells. Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams below. These groups of cells represent different A) B) C) D) 48. tissues in which similar cells function together. organs that help to carry out a specific life activity. systems that are responsible for a specific life activity. organelles that carry out different functions. Which statement describing the cells in a body system is correct? A) B) C) D) 582783333 Each cell in the system is identical to the other cells in the system, and each works independently of the other cells. Some cells in the system may be different from the other cells in the system, but all cells are coordinated and work together. Each cell in the system is different from the other cells in the system, and each cell works independently of the other cells. All cells in the system are identical to each other and work together. 11 49. The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant leaf. Which letter indicates the region where photosynthesis occurs? 1. 2. 3. 4. 50. A B C D Base your answer on the diagram below which represents some of the events that take place in a chloroplast. Chlorophyll is involved in the production of A) B) C) D) 582783333 oxygen. carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide. ozone. 12 51. Which diagram represents the type of asexual reproduction known as regeneration? 582783333 13 52. Which sequence shown below represents the process of regeneration? 53. Which diagram represents the reproductive process of budding? 54. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction characterized by A) B) C) D) 582783333 equal division of cytoplasm and equal division of genetic material. unequal division of cytoplasm and unequal division of genetic material. unequal division of cytoplasm and equal division of genetic material. equal division of cytoplasm and unequal division of genetic material. 14 55. Which process is illustrated in the diagram of a yeast cell below? A) B) C) D) 56. Which process, carried out by a Hydra, is illustrated by the series of drawings below? A) B) C) D) 57. budding binary fission vegetative propagation regeneration binary fission budding vegetative propagation spore formation The diagram below represents a cell process. Which statement about this cell process is correct? A) B) C) D) 582783333 Cell B contains the same genetic information that cells A and C contain. Cell C has DNA that is only 50% identical to cell B. Cell A has DNA that is only 75% identical to cell B. Cells, A, B, and C contain completely different genetic information. 15 58. The chromosome content of a skin cell that is about to form two new skin cells is represented in the diagram below. Which diagram best represents the chromosomes that would be found in the two new skin cells produced as a result of this process? 59. The diagram below can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in A) B) C) D) 582783333 tissue repair. meiosis. recombination. sexual reproduction. 16 60. Which activity involves the process shown in the diagram below? A) B) C) D) a gamete reproducing sexually a white blood cell engulfing bacteria a zygote being produced in an ovary an animal repairing damaged tissue 61. Which illustration represents a process that results in the production of sperm cells? 62. In the diagram below, which structure is the fertilized egg? A) B) C) D) 582783333 1, only 2, only 3, only either 1 or 2 17 Base you answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows a form of reproduction. 1. Which type of reproduction is shown in the diagram? [1] __________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does the genetic material of the daughter cell compare to the genetic material of the parent cell? [1] __________________________________________________________________________ 582783333 18 Base your answers to questions 3 – 6 on the following illustration. 3. How did the invention of the microscope make cell study possible? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why are cells called “the basic unit of life?” [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why is the cell theory a theory and not a scientific law? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 6. If life was found on another planet, what would it need if it were similar to life on Earth? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 582783333 19 Base your answer to question 7 on the following illustration. 7. What makes tissues different from cells? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Base your answer to question 8 on the following illustration. 8. How are organs different from just a group of tissues? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 582783333 20 Base your answer to question 9-10 on the following illustration. ORGAN SYSTEMS An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform specific functions. For example, the circulatory system transports material throughout an organism. 9. The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. They work together to transport materials throughout the body How does an organ system differ from just a group of organs? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 10. How is an organism different from just a group of organ systems? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 11. Why is mitotic cell division so important for the growth and repair of multicellular organism? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ R.G. Harrison (1907) and Fell (1928) found that even after a type of cell is removed from a body the cells will continue to grow and divide retaining their traits. For example, a skin cell will produce more skin cells. Therefore, cells seem to have an internal regulating system. Cancer is a general name for diseases caused by unregulated cell growth. It is caused by a change in the genes that regulate cell growth. 12. Why would production of abnormal cells cause problems for a living thing [1] _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 582783333 21 13. A cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes does each cell have? [1] _________________________________________________________________________ 14. Suppose that during mitosis, a centromere holding together one of the pairs of chromosomes failed to break. Suppose also that the cell continued through mitosis and then divided into two cells. [1] a) How many chromosomes would one of the new cells end up having? _______________ b) How many chromosomes would the other new cell end up having? _______________ c) Do you think these new cells would function normally? Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 15. Some cells in the body need to be replaced more often than others. The cells in your skin need to be replaced more often than the cells in your bones. How would the amount of mitosis taking place in your skin compare to the amount of mitosis taking place in your bones. [1] ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Base your answers to questions 16 – 18 on the diagrams and key below and on your knowledge of science. The diagrams show two cells and some of their structures. 582783333 22 16. List two structur4es that are found in both plant and animal cells. [1] 1) __________________________________________________ 2) __________________________________________________ 17. Which structure shown in the plant cell diagram is the site of photosynthesis? [1] _____________________________________________________ 18. Which cell structure shown in the diagrams contains genetic material? [1] _____________________________________________________ Base your answers to questions 19 – 22 on the diagram below which shows the process of sexual reproduction. 19. Identify the sex cell shown at A. _________________________________________[1] 20. Identify the sex cell shown at B. _________________________________________[1] 21. Identify the reproductive process that is occurring at C. _______________________[1] 22. Identify the process that is occurring between E and F. _______________________[1] 582783333 23