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CELLS AND CELL
PROCESSES
UNIT QUESTIONS
Grade 8
Unit – Cells and Cell Processes
QUESTION
1
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FORMAT
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
STANDARD
1.1b
1.1b
1.1c
2.1a
1.1c
1.1f
1.1e
1.1a
1.1c
1.1e
1.1f
1.1a
2.1d
2.1e
2.1d
1.1e
1.1d
1.1a
2.1e
2.1d
2.1h
1.1c
1.1e
1.1c
1.1f, 4.4a
1.1e
4.4a
4.4c
4.4b
4.4c
1.1b
1.1d
1.1a
1.1a
1.1a
1.1a
1.1a
1.1a
1.1a
1.1a
2
(Cont.)
Grade 8
Unit – Cells and Cell Processes
QUESTION
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50
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FORMAT
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
STANDARD
1.1c
1.1c
1.1c
1.1d
1.1c
1.1c
1.1c
1.1b
1.1e
1.1g
1.1b
1.1b
2.1a
2.1a
2.1a
2.1a
2.1a
2.1a
2.1a
2.1a
2.1e
2.1d
3
Grade 8
Unit – Cells and Cell Processes
QUESTION
1
2
3
4
5
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FORMAT
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
STANDARD
2.1d
2.1d
2.1a
2.1e
1.1a
1.1a
1.1e
1.1e
1.1e
2.1d
2.1e
2.1d
2.1d
1.1c
1.1c
1.1c
4.2a
4.2a
2.1e
2.1e
2.1e
2.1e
4
1.
The process of “burning” food inside an organism’s cells to release energy is called
1)
2)
2.
cytoplasm
membranes
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
extinction
photosynthesis
nucleus
cell membrane
3)
4)
chloroplast
centriole
chromosomes
chloroplasts
3)
4)
cell membranes
cytoplasm
tissue → cell → organ system → organ
organ system → organ → cell → tissue
organ → tissue → organ system → cell
cell → tissue → organ → organ system
cells
organs
3)
4)
organ systems
tissues
Which structure is the main control center of the cell?
1)
2)
10.
3)
4)
If a new type of living thing is discovered, of which basic unit of structure will it most likely be
composed?
1)
2)
9.
chloroplasts.
chromosomes.
Of the following groups, which is organized from simple to complex?
1)
2)
3)
4)
8.
chloroplast
cell membrane
Which of the following structures are found only in plant cells?
1)
2)
7.
3)
4)
Which part of the cell controls cell activities and stores genetic material?
1)
2)
6.
cytoplasm
nucleus
What is a major cause of variation within a species?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5.
digestion.
respiration.
Hereditary information is found in a cell’s
1)
2)
4.
3)
4)
Which part of a cell allows nutrients and other materials to enter or leave the cell?
1)
2)
3.
excretion.
photosynthesis.
chloroplast
cytoplasm
3)
4)
mitochondria
nucleus
Which cell would be most efficient at transferring messages from one point to another?
1)
2)
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skeletal
muscle
3)
4)
nerve
skin
5
11.
The destruction of its chlorophyll would most directly affect a plant’s ability to
1)
2)
12.
3)
4)
1/2
twice what is needed
fertilization.
meiosis.
3)
4)
mitosis.
mutation.
egg, larva, pupa, adult
egg, nymph, adult
3)
4)
egg, pupa, larva, adult
adult, egg, pupa, larva
asexually.
sexually.
3)
4)
through fertilization.
slowly.
be identical.
match its parents.
3)
4)
differ according to cell function.
differ according to cell location.
The diagram at the right represents a cell
process. If the cell in diagram 1 contains
4 chromosomes, what is the number of
chromosomes in each cell in diagram 3?
1)
2)
19.
1/4
all
The genetical information found in any human body cell will
1)
2)
18.
amoeba
virus
A colony of organisms is found, all containing identical genes. This group of organisms most
likely reproduces
1)
2)
17.
3)
4)
Which represents the correct sequence of development for complete metamorphosis?
1)
2)
16.
bacterium
plant
Cells identical to the parent cell are created by the process of
1)
2)
15.
produce seeds.
undergo photosynthesis.
How much of a new individual’s genetic information is carried in a sex cell?
1)
2)
14.
3)
4)
Which form of life is an exception of the cell theory?
1)
2)
13.
take in minerals.
transport water
8
2
3)
4)
16
4
Cancer is a disease characterized by the
1)
2)
3)
4)
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uncontrolled division of abnormal cells.
unlimited production of abnormal sex cells.
uncontrolled replication and lining up of chromosomes.
limited production of normal sex cells.
6
20.
Each body cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would
normally be present in a sex cell produced by this chimpanzee?
1)
2)
21.
24
36
3)
4)
48
96
The diagram below shows a cell.
This cell would be found in which type of organism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
22.
Tissue is composed of a group of
A)
B)
C)
D)
23.
regulating the movement of nutrients
storing and releasing chemicals
carrying genetic material
providing energy for activities
A plant forms new tissue at the tips of its roots and stems. This new tissue growth is a direct
result of
A)
B)
C)
D)
25.
similar cells working together.
different organs working together.
organ systems working together.
nuclei in a cell working together.
What is the function of DNA in a cell?
A)
B)
C)
D)
24.
animals
fungi
viruses
plants
circulation.
coordination.
cellular respiration.
cell division.
Which sequence correctly shows the levels of organization for structure and function in a
human?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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cell  tissue  organ  organ system
organ system  cell  tissue  organ
tissue  organ  organ system  cell
cell  organ  tissue  organ system
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26.
Asexually produced offspring are genetically
A)
B)
C)
D)
27.
Compared to the amount of hereditary information in a human body cell, how much hereditary
information is contained in a human sex cell?
A)
B)
C)
D)
28.
a conveyor belt that transport materials
a storage bin that holds the pieces needed to assemble a car
the computer room that controls the assembly process
the generator that provides energy for the factory
What is the basic unit of structure and function in protists and monerans?
A)
B)
32.
Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow roots.
Seeds are produced from the flower of the plant.
Underground stems from a plant grow into new plants.
A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and grows.
The structures found in a living cell can be compared to the parts of a factory that produces
cars. Which part of the factory is most similar to the nucleus of a living cell?
A)
B)
C)
D)
31.
growth and repair.
sexual reproduction.
obtaining energy.
production of sex cells.
Which statement describes a method of sexual reproduction that occurs in plants?
A)
B)
C)
D)
30.
one-quarter the amount
one-half the amount
the same amount
twice the amount
In the animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for
A)
B)
C)
D)
29.
identical to the parent.
different from the parent.
different from each other.
formed by two parents.
cell
system
C)
D)
organ
sytem
Which organism is considered an exception to the cell theory because it has a noncellular
structure?
A)
B)
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alga
bacterium
C)
D)
virus
moss
8
33.
Viruses are exceptions to the cell theory, but they have some characteristics of living things.
What is one of these characteristics?
A)
B)
C)
D)
34.
The cell theory states that
A)
B)
C)
D)
35.
Cells are microscopic.
Cells have definite boundaries.
Cells require oxygen for metabolism.
Cells come fro preexisting cells.
Which invention most influenced the development of the cell theory?
A)
B)
C)
D)
39.
the discovery of many new species
the development of techniques to determine the chemical composition of substances
the increase in knowledge concerning factors influencing the rate of evolution
the improvement in microscopes and microscopic techniques
Which statement is part of the cell theory?
A)
B)
C)
D)
38.
cell theory.
lock-and-key model of enzyme activity.
concept of natural selection.
heterotroph hypothesis.
Which factor contritubed most to the development of the cell theory?
A)
B)
C)
D)
37.
all cells have nuclei that contain genetic information.
living organisms are made of cells that arise from preexisting cells.
all cells regenerate and contain the same basic structures.
organisms that lack certain organelles reproduce by binary fission.
Living things contain units of structure and function that arise from preexisting units. This
statement best describes the
A)
B)
C)
D)
36.
They are made up of many specialized cells.
They contain genetic material.
They reproduce by mitosis.
They contain chlorophyll.
ultracentrifuge
light microscope
thermometer
electron microscope
Most of the hereditary information that determines the traits of an organism is located in
A)
B)
C)
D)
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only those cells of an individual produced by meiosis.
the nuclei of body cells of an individual.
certain genes in the vacuoles of body cells.
the numerous ribosomes in certain cells.
9
40.
Transport of molecules within animal cells occurs in the
A)
B)
C)
D)
41.
Which letter in the diagram below indicates the cell membrane?
1)
2)
3)
4)
42.
contractile vacuoles
food vacuoles
pseudopodia
cilia
A structure involved in regulating the movement of materials into a cell is the
A)
B)
C)
D)
44.
A
B
C
D
Which structures are used by a paramecium for maintaining water balance?
A)
B)
C)
D)
43.
cytoplasm.
nucleus.
ribosomes.
chloroplast.
ribosome.
centriole.
chloroplast.
cell membrane.
The diagram below shows a plant cell.
Which cell structure is as a storage site for wastes?
1)
2)
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A
B
3)
4)
C
D
10
45.
Which organelle contributes the energy for muscles in an earthworm?
A)
B)
C)
D)
46.
Which statement best describes the cell membrane of a cell?
A)
B)
C)
D)
47.
vacuoles
chloroplasts
mitochondria
ribosomes
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
It is composed of proteins only.
It allows all substances in and out of the cell.
It is only found in animal cells.
Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams below.
These groups of cells represent different
A)
B)
C)
D)
48.
tissues in which similar cells function together.
organs that help to carry out a specific life activity.
systems that are responsible for a specific life activity.
organelles that carry out different functions.
Which statement describing the cells in a body system is correct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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Each cell in the system is identical to the other cells in the system, and each works
independently of the other cells.
Some cells in the system may be different from the other cells in the system, but all
cells are coordinated and work together.
Each cell in the system is different from the other cells in the system, and each cell
works independently of the other cells.
All cells in the system are identical to each other and work together.
11
49.
The diagram below represents a cross section of a plant leaf.
Which letter indicates the region where photosynthesis occurs?
1.
2.
3.
4.
50.
A
B
C
D
Base your answer on the diagram below which represents some of the events that take place in
a chloroplast.
Chlorophyll is involved in the production of
A)
B)
C)
D)
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oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
carbon monoxide.
ozone.
12
51.
Which diagram represents the type of asexual reproduction known as regeneration?
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52.
Which sequence shown below represents the process of regeneration?
53.
Which diagram represents the reproductive process of budding?
54.
Budding is a form of asexual reproduction characterized by
A)
B)
C)
D)
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equal division of cytoplasm and equal division of genetic material.
unequal division of cytoplasm and unequal division of genetic material.
unequal division of cytoplasm and equal division of genetic material.
equal division of cytoplasm and unequal division of genetic material.
14
55.
Which process is illustrated in the diagram of a yeast cell below?
A)
B)
C)
D)
56.
Which process, carried out by a Hydra, is illustrated by the series of drawings below?
A)
B)
C)
D)
57.
budding
binary fission
vegetative propagation
regeneration
binary fission
budding
vegetative propagation
spore formation
The diagram below represents a cell process.
Which statement about this cell process is correct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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Cell B contains the same genetic information that cells A and C contain.
Cell C has DNA that is only 50% identical to cell B.
Cell A has DNA that is only 75% identical to cell B.
Cells, A, B, and C contain completely different genetic information.
15
58.
The chromosome content of a skin cell that is about to form two new skin cells is represented in
the diagram below.
Which diagram best represents the chromosomes that would be found in the two new skin cells
produced as a result of this process?
59.
The diagram below can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in
A)
B)
C)
D)
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tissue repair.
meiosis.
recombination.
sexual reproduction.
16
60.
Which activity involves the process shown in the diagram below?
A)
B)
C)
D)
a gamete reproducing sexually
a white blood cell engulfing bacteria
a zygote being produced in an ovary
an animal repairing damaged tissue
61.
Which illustration represents a process that results in the production of sperm cells?
62.
In the diagram below, which structure is the fertilized egg?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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1, only
2, only
3, only
either 1 or 2
17
Base you answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows a form of
reproduction.
1.
Which type of reproduction is shown in the diagram?
[1]
__________________________________________________________________________
2.
How does the genetic material of the daughter cell compare to the genetic material of the parent
cell?
[1]
__________________________________________________________________________
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Base your answers to questions 3 – 6 on the following illustration.
3.
How did the invention of the microscope make cell study possible?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4.
Why are cells called “the basic unit of life?”
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5.
Why is the cell theory a theory and not a scientific law?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
6.
If life was found on another planet, what would it need if it were similar to life on Earth? [1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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Base your answer to question 7 on the following illustration.
7.
What makes tissues different from cells?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Base your answer to question 8 on the following illustration.
8.
How are organs different from just a group of tissues?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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Base your answer to question 9-10 on the following illustration.
ORGAN SYSTEMS
An organ system is a group of organs
that work together to perform specific
functions. For example, the circulatory
system transports material throughout
an organism.
9.
The circulatory system
consists of the heart,
arteries,
veins,
and
capillaries. They work
together to transport
materials throughout the
body
How does an organ system differ from just a group of organs?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
10.
How is an organism different from just a group of organ systems?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
11.
Why is mitotic cell division so important for the growth and repair of multicellular organism?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
R.G. Harrison (1907) and Fell (1928) found that even after a type of cell is removed from
a body the cells will continue to grow and divide retaining their traits. For example, a skin cell
will produce more skin cells. Therefore, cells seem to have an internal regulating system.
Cancer is a general name for diseases caused by unregulated cell growth. It is caused by a
change in the genes that regulate cell growth.
12.
Why would production of abnormal cells cause problems for a living thing
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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13.
A cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes does each cell
have?
[1]
_________________________________________________________________________
14.
Suppose that during mitosis, a centromere holding together one of the pairs of chromosomes
failed to break. Suppose also that the cell continued through mitosis and then divided into two
cells.
[1]
a)
How many chromosomes would one of the new cells end up having? _______________
b)
How many chromosomes would the other new cell end up having? _______________
c)
Do you think these new cells would function normally? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
15.
Some cells in the body need to be replaced more often than others. The cells in your skin need
to be replaced more often than the cells in your bones. How would the amount of mitosis
taking place in your skin compare to the amount of mitosis taking place in your bones. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Base your answers to questions 16 – 18 on the diagrams and key below and on your knowledge of
science. The diagrams show two cells and some of their structures.
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16.
List two structur4es that are found in both plant and animal cells.
[1]
1) __________________________________________________
2) __________________________________________________
17.
Which structure shown in the plant cell diagram is the site of photosynthesis?
[1]
_____________________________________________________
18.
Which cell structure shown in the diagrams contains genetic material?
[1]
_____________________________________________________
Base your answers to questions 19 – 22 on the diagram below which shows the process of sexual
reproduction.
19.
Identify the sex cell shown at A.
_________________________________________[1]
20.
Identify the sex cell shown at B.
_________________________________________[1]
21.
Identify the reproductive process that is occurring at C.
_______________________[1]
22.
Identify the process that is occurring between E and F.
_______________________[1]
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