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GENETICS AND HEREDITY Genetics is the study of genes and their role in inheritance, the way certain traits are passed down from one generation to the next. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring through DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Genetic Terms Traits=characteristics of living things Inherited traits=a characteristic that a living thing gets from its parents before birth through DNA Species=a type of living things that can interbreed. Offspring=babies/children Acquired trait=a trait that a living thing picks up while growing up Behaviors= ways of acting Instincts=inherited behavior Migrate=move from one place to another Hibernate=when animals sleep for a long period of time Genetic Terms Chromosomes=a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of a cell and contains DNA (genetic material) and proteins. Gene=a section/segment of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic/trait in an organism. For example: brown eyes, curly hair, etc Allele=an alternate form of a gene. For example: brown/blue eyes, curly/straight hair, etc. Characteristics = Traits A characteristic of an organism may be inherited or acquired. You are a unique individual. Characteristics about you are called traits. Examples: Eye color, hair texture, etc Inherited Traits Received from your biological parents through DNA Examples: natural eye color, hair color, height, blood type. These traits are passed one from parents to the children/offspring. Acquired Traits Developed during life (not born with it) Examples Things you learned (riding a bike, reading, writing) Things that happened to you (short hair, cut-off finger) Acquired traits end with you! CANNOT pass on acquired traits to offspring NOT in DNA/genes! Example: Your kids won’t be born with a missing arm if you cut off your arm first! Some traits are both! Skin color is a combination trait Inherited part: Receive genes for skin color from parents. Acquired part: Amount of time in the sun determines level of tan. Acquired or Inherited? Explain This child has dimples. Acquired or Inherited? Explain Someone is bilingual. Acquired or Inherited? Explain You know how to swim. Acquired or Inherited? Explain You have a hitchhiker’s thumb. Acquired or Inherited? Explain A man is blind from a firework accident. Acquired or Inherited? Explain Mary can roll her tongue. Acquired or Inherited? Explain You have calluses on your feet. Acquired or Inherited? Explain A pea plant has purple flowers. Acquired or Inherited? Explain Captain Kirk can make the vulcan hand sign. Acquired or Inherited? Explain Harry has a scar on his head. Acquired or Inherited? Explain Sam has a birthmark on his back. Acquired or Inherited? Explain A bush has trimmed limbs. Acquired or Inherited? Explain Kilam is very good at basketball.