Download Cells File

An organism
is another
name for a
living thing!
We can view cells through a microscope. There are two types of
microscopes:
•Light microscope (which we will be using)
– this uses light to illuminate the sample
•Electron microscope – this uses a
stream of electrons to illuminate the sample.
Parts ofBody
a light microscope
tube
Eyepiece lens
Nosepiece
Objective lenses
Arm
Stage
Stage clips
Diaphragm
Coarse adj
Fine adj
Light source
Base
Calculating magnification
Eye-piece
Lens
10X
10X
10X
Objective
Lens
4X
10X
40X
Magnification
(X Bigger)
40 X
100 X
400 X
Staining cells
The stains we use are
Iodine solution and
Methylene blue
We stain cells in order to better see what is
inside them; their structures e.g. The
nucleus
In unstained cells
the nucleus is hard
to see.
Cells are made up of smaller structures called
organelles, these are like mini-organs like the organs
in our body.
Types of cells
There are two types
of cells:
-Prokaryotic cells
-Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
These cells are very small and have no nucleus.
Examples of prokaryotic cells include: Algae and
bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are much bigger than prokaryotic (50
to 100x) and they contain a nucleus. Examples of
eukaryotic cells include plant and animal cells.
Animal cells
An animal cell has many structures but you are not
required to learn all of these right now.
You need to learn that an animal cell
contains a:
•Nucleus
•Cell membrane
•Cytoplasm
•Mitochondria (many)
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell
membrane
Mitochondria
Plant cells
You need to learn that a plant cell
contains all that an animal contains
plus a:
•Chloroplast (many)
•Vacuole
•Cell wall
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Provides energy for the cell
Cell membrane
The fluid that fills the cell
Cell wall
Contains the cell sap and
provides support to the cell
Nucleus
Controls what enters and
leaves the cell
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Provides energy from
photosynthesis
Provides support and
protection for the cell
Controls cell activities
Viruses
Viruses like the common cold are even smaller than
prokaryotic cells.
Viruses get into your cells and force your cell to
make more copies of themselves!
multicellular
multicellular
multicellular
Diffusion
spreading out
spreading out
spreading out
spreading out
Diffusion is the spreading outof a substance from
where it is concentrated.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c8acUE9Itw
Osmosis
only water
Osmosis if the diffusion of water, from where it
is concentrated to where it is not concentrated
through a semi-permeable membrane.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7W3UN3fN-M4
Unicellular
They get all the nutrients they require via the
processes of
diffusion and osmosis
Some unicellular organisms are both plant and
animal – they have chloroplasts and eyes for
seeing with.
Eukaryotes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHZZKwrYm4g
Multicellular
Putting
cells to
work
Yeast
Yeast makes
bread and
alcohol.
We have bacteria that can
oil
spills.
clean up
We use bacteria to
make eco-friendly
fuels.