Download Climate Change: Responses

Climate Change: Responses
By
Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies
(BCAS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
8-9 April 2008
Dhaka
Recognition of the Problem: Establishment
of IPCC and INC
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Increasing scientific evidence coupled with
growing public concern pushed climate change
onto the higher political agenda in the mid-1980s;
UN General Assembly adopted resolution 43/53 of
6 December 1988 on the “Protection of the Global
Climate for Present and Future Generation of
Mankind”;
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
establish the IPCC;
UN General Assembly established an
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
for negotiating a framework convention on
climate change in 1990;
Recognition of the Problem: IPCC FAR and
UNFCCC
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
published First Assessment Report (FAR) of IPCC
in 1990;
The INC adopted by consensus the UNFCCC on 9
May 1992. The convention was opened for
signature at the UNCED;
The convention enters into force after ratification
by 58 Parities in 21 March 1994
Climate Convention: Ultimate Objective
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Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in
the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the
climate system.
Such level should be achieved within a timeframe
sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally
to climate change, to ensure that food production
is not threatened and to enable economic
development to proceed in a sustainable manner
Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation
CLIMATE CHANGE including
variability
MITIGATION
of climate change via
GHG sources and sinks
I M PACTS
Exposure,
Sensitivity
Initial Impacts
or Effects
Autonomous
Adjustments
Residual or
Net Impacts
Source: IPCC
Policy responses
VULNERABILITIES
Human interference
Planned
ADAPTATION
to the impacts and
vulnerabilities
Climate Convention: Toward Kyoto
Protocol
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1995 : First Session of the Conference of the Parties
COP1, Berlin, Germany.
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Established the Ad hoc Group on Berlin Mandate (AGBM)
to carry out a process that would enable it to take
appropriate action beyond the year 2000, including the
strengthening of the commitments of the Annex I
Parties through a protocol or other legal instrument.
1996 : Second Session of the Conference of the Parties
COP2, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ministerial Declaration confirming the findings of the
IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR) and calling for
“legally binding” commitments
US announced its support for a legally binding protocol
or other legal instrument
Climate Convention: Kyoto Protocol
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1997 : Third Session of Conference of the Parties
(COP), Kyoto, Japan
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Parties to the UNFCCC adopted the Kyoto Protocol (KP)
with the unprecedented, legally enforced ambition of
limiting and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions
Average reduction target is 5.2 percent
Three Flexible Mechanisms, Joint Implementation,
Emission Trading, and Clean Development
Mechanism
1998 : The Kyoto Protocol opened for signature at UN
headquarters in New York. It has an equation of 55
countries and 55% emission of Annex I countries to
enter into force.
Climate Convention: Kyoto Protocol
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To meet the commitment under UNFCCC, Kyoto
Protocol has devised three flexible mechanism for
reducing greenhouse gases.
The protocol has 28 articles, 3 of which will help
annex I countries to meet their reduction
commitment under UNFCCC.
These are Joint Implementation (article 6), Clean
Development Mechanism (article 12) and
Emission Trading (article 17).
Climate Convention: Kyoto Protocol
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Article 6 : Annex I may transfer to, or acquire
from, any other such party emission reduction
unit (ERU).
Article 12 : CDM shall have to assist parties not
included in Annex I in achieving sustainable
development……..and to assist parties included in
Annex I in achieving compliance with their
quantified emission limitation and reduction
commitments.
Article 17 : Annex-B parties may participate in
emission trading to fulfil their commitments. This
is a non-project based activity.
CDM Project Concept: Small Scale
GWh
Must be
< 15 GWh
Business as usual
Project
Project Start
Time
Further Reference to Know More
Website:
www.unfccc.int
www.ipcc.ch
Thank You