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Grade-Level Science Homework Due: Friday, October 12, 2012 Name: ______________________________ Teacher: ____________ Period: ____ Key Concepts: Key Concept 1: Heredity is the process by which characteristics are passed from parents to their offspring. The units of inheritance are genes and are stored within the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. Key Concept 2: Genetic information is inherited from both parents in sexual reproduction. Inherited traits include expressed external characteristics such as eye color and hair color and internal characteristics such as blood type. Inherited traits are not affected by the organism’s surroundings. Key Concept 3: Alleles are possible variations of a gene. Alleles occur in pairs, and individuals inherit one allele from each parent. The combination of inherited alleles is the genotype of an individual. Traits that are visibly apparent are an individual’s phenotype. Key Concept 4: Both alleles are not always expressed in the offspring’s phenotype. Some alleles are dominant (always expressed) and recessive (only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele.) Part II: Defend Yourselves! Image a couple of aliens travel to Earth to complete a descriptive investigation of humans. They observe many different humans, and conclude that all humans look alike. In fact, they find humans so boring and ugly that they decide to destroy us all. You are offended by their conclusion and angered by their decision. In response, you decide to argue that they are wrong, and claim that humans are not all alike. Use the vocabulary words in the box to compose an argument against the alien’s conclusions. Vocabulary: □ DNA □ Trait (s) □ Gene(s) □ Nucleus □ Cell(s) □ Variation □ Parent’s Dear Kang and Kodos, I am offended that you think humans are ugly and all look the same. In fact, __________________ show lots of variation (variation is human word that means “differences”). For example, some humans have blue eyes while other humans have green, brown, or grey eyes. And, some humans are tall, while others are short. Each trait is controlled by at least one __________________ I’m not sure about you, but all of our genes are coded in our __________________ which stores all of our genetic information. It is impossible for us to look exactly like our __________________ because our DNA is mixture of their DNA. Also, our DNA can change because of mutation. When a mutation happens, a base is changed in our DNA, which can change the function of a gene and create a whole new trait. Mutations increase the __________________ in a population of organisms. True, all humans are eukaryotic organisms, and we safely keep our DNA inside the __________________ of our __________________ but we are definitively not all alike. Finally, you are the ugly ones; not us! Please don’t destroy us Sincerely, A concerned student of earth