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Evolution Test Review (Chapters 16, 17) NOT A COMPREHENSIVE LIST…Study notes, textbook, lab, online resources! Question Chapter 16 1. What was Lyell’s contribution to Darwin’s theory? Answer 2. What scientists influenced Darwin’s theory of evolution? (You should name 4!) Lamarck, Lyell, Malthus, Wallace 3. What incorrect ideas did Lamarck have about evolution? 4. How did Malthus help to shape Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest”? 5. What was the most famous place Darwin visited? Use and disuse Acquired characteristics passed down Desire to change If human population growth would be controlled by war, famine, disease, would other organisms be acted on in the same way? What factors? Galapagos Islands 6. What is natural selection? 7. In evolutionary terms, to what does fitness refer? Nature selects the best individuals for an environment; those organisms survive and reproduce, passing genes down Ability to reproduce 8. How does evidence from biogeography support the theory of evolution? Closely related but different (finches) Distantly related but similar (large birds) 9. Give five other pieces of evidence to support the theory of evolution. Fossils, homologous structures, vestigial structures, embryology, molecular biology Earth was much older than anyone thought 10. What are homologous structures? In your answer, be sure to address both structure and function. Give one example. Same structure, different function forearm in bird/human/cat 11. What are analogous structures? In your answer, be sure to address both structure and function. Give one example. Same function, different structure (bat wing and insect wing) Does NOT support a common ancestor Shows a common ancestor 12. How do homologous structures support evolution? 13. What are vestigial structures? Give one example 14. How does molecular evidence (DNA) provide support for Darwin’s idea that all organisms descended (with changes) from common ancestral species? Chapter 17 15. What is a gene pool? How do changes in it show evolution? Body parts no longer used, remnants of structures needed in common ancestors Every living thing uses DNA, some proteins have similar DNA across all species All the alleles for a particular species 16. What are three sources of genetic variation? Mutation Genetic recombination/sexual reproduction Lateral Gene Transfer 17. How does a graph of phenotypes for a single trait differ from a a graph of phenotypes for a polygenic trait? (Hint: Think about Single gene trait – bar graph Polygenic – bell curve how many phenotypes each would produce!) 18. What are the three modes of selection on a polygenic trait? Describe them. 19. How is genetic drift similar to natural selection? Directional – same shape, shifts to left or right Stabilizing – selects for same phenotype, tighter and taller curve Disruptive – both ends have better fitness than middle Both change the gene pool 20. How is genetic drift dissimilar to natural selection? Genetic drift is RANDOM and happens by CHANCE 21. Give two examples of genetic drift. Bottleneck, founder 22. What is the ONE requirement for speciation to occur? (The species must undergo _?_ _?_). Reproductive isolation 23. Name and briefly describe the three ways (the answer to #22) can occur. Behavioral – courtship rituals differ Geographical – geographic barriers separate populations Temporal – reproduce during different times of year or day Other sources of review for this test: Chapter 16-17 Review Worksheets Evolution Big Ideas WS End of Chapter Reviews (textbook) for Chapters 16-17 Google “Biology Keystone Evolution” and you will find many practice tests and review materials