Download Regents Biology Jonas Salk Developed first vaccine against polio

Aim: How does the body
protect itself from disease?
Do Now:
The accompanying diagram represents an event that occurs in
the blood.
Which statement best describes this event?
1.
Cell A is a white blood cell releasing antigens to destroy bacteria.
2.
Cell A is a white blood cell engulfing disease-causing organisms.
3. Cell A is a cancer cell produced by the immune system and it is helping to prevent disease.
4. Cell A is protecting bacteria so they can reproduce without being destroyed by
predators.
Non specific Immune Response
• Fever, Inflammation
• Phagocytes
Specific Immune Response
• B Cells- antibodies- antigen response
First Line of Defense – Nonspecific
PHAGOCYTES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXUNEJkjQt4
&feature=youtu.be
Specific Response- Antibody and
Antigen
• The white blood cells also produce antibodies- (GOOD Guys) that find
an antigen that it fits on to (BAD GUY). This acts as a tag that signals
other cells to destroy the pathogen.
•
•
Now Destroy The
Patho
Pathogen!!!
Antibody
It is important to note that an antibody has a specific
shape to destroy a specific antigen
Memory cells remember the pathogen so antibodies will
be ready for attack if its antigen reappears in the body!!
Active Immunity
• Being immune to a disease because you have been exposed in the
past
• Vaccination
1914 – 1995
Jonas Salk
 Developed first vaccine

against polio
April 12, 1955
Regents Biology
Polio epidemics
1994:
Americas polio free
Regents Biology
Vaccines
• Vaccines contain dead or weakened forms of a
bacteria or virus
Vaccines
• Once the vaccine gets into your body, you make antibodies for the
disease causing antigen.(virus)
• Once you make those antibodies, they become a permanent part of
the immune system
• The antigen becomes part of the immune system’s memory and the
body can make antibodies quickly if it is attacked by that disease
causing antigen again.
• You are immune to that specific disease.
Example- chicken pox vaccine
• Weakened form of the virus in the vaccine, not
enough to make you sick.
• You make antibodies to the antigen of the chicken pox
virus.
• When the chicken pox virus really enters your body ,
your body remembers and is ready to fight with the
correct antibodies.
Passive Immunity
• Breastfeeding- mom passes antibodies to baby to keep baby healthy.
Allergies- body thinks its being attacked
• In allergies, the body's immune system produces an immune
response to harmless substances. Chemicals are released that make
you feel sick.
Organ Transplants
• When a person receives an organ transplant, the body will see the
new organ as foreign and make antibodies to attack.
• It is important for these people to receive drugs to stop the immune
response so they don’t disable the new organ and it can function.
A 6-year-old child ate a peanut butter sandwich
at snack time in school. Five minutes later, her
throat became swollen and she collapsed. This
allergic reaction occurred because her body
(1) recognized an antigen in peanut butter and
produced antibiotics against it
(2) digested the white blood cells that can
recognize an antigen in peanut butter
(3) did not recognize an antigen in peanut
butter and could not produce antibodies
against it
(4) recognized an antigen in peanut butter and
produced an immune response
REGENTS QUESTION