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Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Genetics – the study of heredity DNA – cellular material with all the information about what traits a living thing may have Chromosome – thread like structures that organize DNA, each chromosome is a long DNA molecule (about 1.5 meters!) Gene – part of the DNA molecule that carries a specific trait (composed of 2 alleles) (ex. flower color) Allele – location on a chromosome that affect characteristics of organisms (ex. white or purple) Mitosis – division of the nucleus in somatic (body) cells Meiosis – cell division that results in the production of sex cells; egg and sperm that have half the number of usual chromosomes Inherited trait – a trait (characteristic) that is passed on from a parent to offspring Dominant trait – a ‘stronger’ trait (only need one allele with this trait for it to be passed to offspring) Recessive trait – a ‘weaker’ trait ( you need two alleles with this trait for it to be passed on to offspring