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Download Unit 5 Vocabulary List 2 Sexual reproduction
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Transcript
Unit 5 Vocabulary List 2 Sexual reproduction- reproduction by an egg cell and a sperm cell uniting to form a single cell; an entirely new organism which is genetically different from the parent organism. Fertilization- the uniting of the sperm cell and egg cell. Genes- pieces of DNA that carry all the information passed from parents to their offspring. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases. Chromosomes- threadlike packages of DNA and protein. Humans have 23 pair of chromosomes, or 46 in all. Dominant- describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait. Recessive- describes a trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear. Genetics- the study of heredity; the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles. Alleles- an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive. Genotype- the genetic makeup of the plant (Pp, PP or pp) Phenotype- the observable characteristics of an individual/ offspring (purple flower, white flower) Punnett Square- a tool used to determine the possibility of offspring to have certain genotype based on the parents genotypes