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Bio102: Introduction to Cell Biology and Genetics Mendel: Principles of Inheritance Key Terms: Gene Allele Haploid Diploid Genotype Phenotype Dominant Recessive Gamete Homozygous Heterozygous True-breeding Monohybrid Cross Dihybrid Cross Law of Segregation Law of Independent Assortment Key Questions: How are genes and alleles different? How do we know which allele is dominant for a particular character? How many alleles can one individual have for a particular gene? How many alleles can there be in all the individuals of a population for that one particular gene? What were some of the things Mendel did differently that allowed him to reach a better understanding of inheritance than all the scientists who had studied the problem before? In your own words (how would you explain it to your Mom?), what is Mendel's Law of Segregation? What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? Lecture Outline: All individuals of a species have the same genes may have different alleles or forms of this gene leads to a different protein (differences may be big or may be subtle) each individual has two alleles of each genes (diploid) that may be same or different allele combination (genotype) determines the result (phenotype) each gamete (sperm or egg cell) gets only one allele of each pair still has all the genes, just one copy of each (haploid) offspring gets one allele from each parent probability (chance) determines which allele the offspring gets Mendelian Genetics Genes are the physical unit of inheritance Transferred from parent to child All individuals have the same genes, but the genes can come in different forms (alleles) Mendel’s Law of Segregation Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment