Download Slide 1 - WordPress.com

Learning Theories
Behavioral
vs.
Cognitive
Josue Garcilazo
EDTC: Instructional Design for the Corporate Trainer
March 9, 2014
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
•Burrhus Frederic Skinner was
an American psychologist,
behaviorist, author, inventor,
and social philosopher.
•Skinner was famous for his
research on operant
conditioning (positive &
negative reinforcement).
Skinner’s education/career
•
He received a B.A. in English literature in 1926 from Hamilton College.
•
Inspired by the works of Watson and Pavlov, Skinner decided to
abandon his career as a novelist and entered the psychology graduate
program at Harvard University.
•
In 1945, Skinner became Psychology Department Chair of the
University of Indiana.
•
In 1948, he joined the psychology department at Harvard University
where he remained for the rest of his life.
Skinner Box
•The Skinner box was invented to
show changing of behavior by the
use of reinforcement which is
given after the desired response.
•Positive reinforcement
strengthens a behavior by
providing a consequence an
individual finds rewarding.
•Negative reinforcement
strengthens behavior because it
stops or removes an unpleasant
experience.
Impact of Operant Conditioning on teaching
and training
 Educators used operant conditioning as a tool for behavior
modification.
 Positive and negative reinforcement are two of the most
effective ways of altering behavior in a classroom.
 For example, rewarding school children with a sticker
when they behave good or changing their color card/
calling their parents when they behave bad can have a
great effect on behavior modification.
Benjamin Bloom (1913-1999)
•Benjamin Samuel Bloom was an
American educational
psychologist.
•He made contributions to the
classification of educational
objectives and to the theory of
mastery- learning.
•In 1956, Bloom published
Taxonomy of Educational
Objective: known as “Bloom’s
Taxonomy”.
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Table of Cognitive Domain
 Knowledge: recall information
 Comprehension: Understanding the meaning/ interpretation of
instructions and problems.
 Application: Using concepts in a new situation
 Analysis: Separates and breakdowns material to be understood
 Synthesis: Putting parts together to create something new
 Evaluation: Judging the value of ideas or materials
Impact of Bloom’s Taxonomy on
teaching and training
 Teachers can benefit from using frameworks to organize
objectives.
 Organizing objectives helps to clarify objectives for
themselves and for students.
 Having an organized set of objectives helps teachers to:
plan and deliver appropriate instruction, design valid
assessment tasks and strategies, and ensure that
instruction and assessment are aligned with the
objectives.
Application of Learning Theories
on Adult Education
 Behavorial- Skinner’s operant conditioning can be used
more for young school aged children with behavior
modification. At this age positive and negative
reinforcement can still have an effect on children’s
education than on adults.
 Cognitive- Bloom’s Taxonomy can have more of an effect
on higher level education. (high school, college) At this age
teachers are able to used objectives as away of learning
and presenting material.
Works Cited
 Armstrong, P. ( 2014) Bloom’s Taxonomy. Center for Teaching.
Retreived from http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-subpages/blooms-taxonomy/
 Cherry, K. (2014). B. F. Skinner Biography. Retrieved from
http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_
skinner.htm
 McLeod, S. A. (2007). Skinner - Operant Conditioning. Retrieved
from http://www.simplypsychology.org/operantconditioning.html
 Wikipedia. (2014). B.F. Skinner. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner