Download AP Psychology Outline Chapter 8: Learning

AP Psychology Outline
Chapter 8: Learning
I. Intro
a. What exactly does learning mean?
b. Do salmon learn where to swim, what to eat and how to protect themselves?
II. How do we learn?
a. Locke and Hume argued we learned by what?
b. The sea snail and seal experiment demonstrated what type of learning? How?
III. Classical Conditioning
a. Who is the main researcher regarding classical conditioning? What was his experiment?
b. Behaviorism stresses what?
c. Dog experiment
i. What is a UCS? What was the UCS in this experiment?
ii. What is a UCR? What was the UCR in this experiment?
iii. What is a CS? What was the CS in this experiment?
iv. What is a CR? What was the CR in this experiment?
d. Acquisition deals with what? What relationship must be understood for this to work?
e. How does extinction occur? Why?
f. Give me an example of spontaneous recovery.
g. How was generalization used in the case of the dogs?
h. Were the dogs able to discriminate?
i. Beyond Pavlov
1. What did Rescorla and Wagner argue that went against previous beliefs?
2. What did the Garcia and Koelling experiment prove?
3. How is Pavlov seen today? Why did his ideas live on for so long?
IV. Operant Conditioning
a. How does operant conditioning work? What is operant behavior?
b. B.F. Skinner's experiment demonstrated what?
i. How does shaping tie in with Skinner?
c. Reinforcement means what?
i. What is an example of a positive reinforcement? Why?
ii. What is an example of a negative reinforcement? Why?
iii. What are primary reinforcers? Delayed?
d. Reinforcement Schedules
i. What are the different reinforcement schedules and examples of each?
e. How does punishment differ from a negative reinforcer?
f. Extending Skinner
i. What did we learn from rats regarding cognitive maps and latent learning?
ii. How do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation affect Skinner's theory?
g. How do we see Skinner in our everyday lives? At school, sports, work and home? Example
for each..
V. Learning by Observation
a. What is the process called when we observe and imitate?
b. What are mirror neurons? Where are they located?
c. What was Bandura's experiment that demonstrated observational learning?
i. How are antisocial and prosocial aspects passed on?
ii. How does TV tie in with social learning? Does it get its reputation for nothing or is it
justified? Use specific examples.