Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... which provides a means of measuring the tendency of animals to approach stimuli that have acquired motivational salience through their predictive (pavlovian) association with a primary reward (Tomie et al., 1989). (ii) The ability of an appetitive pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) to exert a direc ...
... which provides a means of measuring the tendency of animals to approach stimuli that have acquired motivational salience through their predictive (pavlovian) association with a primary reward (Tomie et al., 1989). (ii) The ability of an appetitive pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) to exert a direc ...
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
... This is an example where learning fear through social communication can result in a robust fear response and psychopathology. In general, learning fears through social communication is adaptive in that one does not need to have painful experiences to know about potential threats. Social fear learnin ...
... This is an example where learning fear through social communication can result in a robust fear response and psychopathology. In general, learning fears through social communication is adaptive in that one does not need to have painful experiences to know about potential threats. Social fear learnin ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala ...
... emotions on memory. However, this view does not fully encapsulate the function of the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala ...
Viral restoration of dopamine signaling to the dorsal striatum
... the tongue correlated with bursts of electrophysiological activity (action potential spikes) from 60–80% of dopamine neurons recorded. However, after repeated cue–reward pairings, dopamine neuron activation occurred in response to the conditioned cue instead of during presentation (and consumption) ...
... the tongue correlated with bursts of electrophysiological activity (action potential spikes) from 60–80% of dopamine neurons recorded. However, after repeated cue–reward pairings, dopamine neuron activation occurred in response to the conditioned cue instead of during presentation (and consumption) ...
Effects of Brain Damage (cont`d.)
... (cont’d.) • For example, cold remedies exert most of their effects by blocking parasympathetic activity. • Because the flow of sinus fluids is a parasympathetic response, drugs that block the parasympathetic system inhibit sinus flow. • The side effects of cold remedies stem from anti-parasympatheti ...
... (cont’d.) • For example, cold remedies exert most of their effects by blocking parasympathetic activity. • Because the flow of sinus fluids is a parasympathetic response, drugs that block the parasympathetic system inhibit sinus flow. • The side effects of cold remedies stem from anti-parasympatheti ...
cont`d. - PSY388
... • Neurons synthesize neurotransmitters and other chemicals from substances provided by the diet – Acetylcholine synthesized from choline found in milk, eggs, and nuts – The amino acid tryptophan serves as a precursor for serotonin • Catecholimines contain a catechol group and an amine group (epineph ...
... • Neurons synthesize neurotransmitters and other chemicals from substances provided by the diet – Acetylcholine synthesized from choline found in milk, eggs, and nuts – The amino acid tryptophan serves as a precursor for serotonin • Catecholimines contain a catechol group and an amine group (epineph ...
A CRITIQUE OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF CONSTRUCTIVIST
... The incorporation of critical thinking in the curriculum not only helps learners to transfer critical thinking skills to other areas of life but also improves the effectiveness of lessons. Critical thinking requires deep analysis of a lesson which in turn produces deeper understanding resulting in b ...
... The incorporation of critical thinking in the curriculum not only helps learners to transfer critical thinking skills to other areas of life but also improves the effectiveness of lessons. Critical thinking requires deep analysis of a lesson which in turn produces deeper understanding resulting in b ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 Ch 8 Practice Midterm Exam 2 110429.1
... Spring 2011 55244 / 61816 4 Units UVC1 St. Helena F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL ...
... Spring 2011 55244 / 61816 4 Units UVC1 St. Helena F 9:00 AM – 3:50 PM RIDDELL ...
Implicit Operant Learning of Pain Sens
... behavioral response to a change in nociceptive input and/or a subjectively experienced change in sensation (c.f. [228]). Such a behavioral response is non-verbal and implicit and does not necessarily have to correlate with explicit verbal report. Prerequisite for this type of pain measurement is a t ...
... behavioral response to a change in nociceptive input and/or a subjectively experienced change in sensation (c.f. [228]). Such a behavioral response is non-verbal and implicit and does not necessarily have to correlate with explicit verbal report. Prerequisite for this type of pain measurement is a t ...
Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... (60-cm long) by a guillotine door. With the door open, a rat was placed in the lit compartment and its latency to escape fully into the dark compartment measured. Once the rat escaped into the dark compartment, the door was closed. After reaching the end of the compartment and turning around, the ra ...
... (60-cm long) by a guillotine door. With the door open, a rat was placed in the lit compartment and its latency to escape fully into the dark compartment measured. Once the rat escaped into the dark compartment, the door was closed. After reaching the end of the compartment and turning around, the ra ...
REWARD LEARNING: Reinforcement
... a learning process, not a motivational, emotional, or affectivexs one. Associationist behaviorism grew with the later works of Thorndike, John Watson (1913), and with subsequent generations of associationist behaviorist psychologists who evolved alongside the radical behaviorists, and who gave rise ...
... a learning process, not a motivational, emotional, or affectivexs one. Associationist behaviorism grew with the later works of Thorndike, John Watson (1913), and with subsequent generations of associationist behaviorist psychologists who evolved alongside the radical behaviorists, and who gave rise ...
Arc mRNA induction in striatal efferent neurons associated with response learning
... to its home cage until the next day. On the third day, the rats were again run to criterion on the acquisition trials. Then, half of the rats were reversed; that is, they were now rewarded to turn in the direction opposite to that reinforced during the acquisition phase. Reversal trials were run unt ...
... to its home cage until the next day. On the third day, the rats were again run to criterion on the acquisition trials. Then, half of the rats were reversed; that is, they were now rewarded to turn in the direction opposite to that reinforced during the acquisition phase. Reversal trials were run unt ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... time. We call this delay conditioning. Similar to trace conditioning, the odor signals the onset of electric shock and triggers a conditioned avoidance response after training. Compared to trace conditioning the LI is larger for a single training trial. Flies form a stronger association for shorter ...
... time. We call this delay conditioning. Similar to trace conditioning, the odor signals the onset of electric shock and triggers a conditioned avoidance response after training. Compared to trace conditioning the LI is larger for a single training trial. Flies form a stronger association for shorter ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... from the medial central nucleus to the basilar pontine nucleus. Amygdala gating of sensory input to the cerebellum may be an attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebellar learning. In contrast to previous theories of amygdala– cerebellum interactions, the sensory gating hypothesis posits that ...
... from the medial central nucleus to the basilar pontine nucleus. Amygdala gating of sensory input to the cerebellum may be an attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebellar learning. In contrast to previous theories of amygdala– cerebellum interactions, the sensory gating hypothesis posits that ...
PATHWAYS OF THREAT-AVOIDANCE 1 Safe From Harm: Learned
... group was also informed that when the Instructed CS+, which was a coloured circle not presented during fear conditioning, appeared they should press the specified marked key on the right to avoid upcoming shock. For the Learned and Derived groups, blocks of 12 trials, 6 of each CS, were presented an ...
... group was also informed that when the Instructed CS+, which was a coloured circle not presented during fear conditioning, appeared they should press the specified marked key on the right to avoid upcoming shock. For the Learned and Derived groups, blocks of 12 trials, 6 of each CS, were presented an ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... and central parts of OFC were engaged during expectation of reward, whereas only medial OFC was engaged following receipt of a rewarding outcome and avoidance of an aversive one. These findings suggest that a clear dissociation between responses may only be present in relation to the receipt but not ...
... and central parts of OFC were engaged during expectation of reward, whereas only medial OFC was engaged following receipt of a rewarding outcome and avoidance of an aversive one. These findings suggest that a clear dissociation between responses may only be present in relation to the receipt but not ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selective than was previously believed. The crux of the problem is that stimulus–reward learning is far from a unitary process, and neither reinforcement nor reward is an uncomplicated concept. Naturally occurring rewards include food, ...
... general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selective than was previously believed. The crux of the problem is that stimulus–reward learning is far from a unitary process, and neither reinforcement nor reward is an uncomplicated concept. Naturally occurring rewards include food, ...
the amygdala and reward
... general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selective than was previously believed. The crux of the problem is that stimulus–reward learning is far from a unitary process, and neither reinforcement nor reward is an uncomplicated concept. Naturally occurring rewards include food, ...
... general, but they do indicate that its involvement is much more selective than was previously believed. The crux of the problem is that stimulus–reward learning is far from a unitary process, and neither reinforcement nor reward is an uncomplicated concept. Naturally occurring rewards include food, ...
On the use of cognitive maps - David Redish
... hierarchy. At the lowest level of this hierarchy are structured probabilistic models that are explicit hypotheses on the distribution of observations. Higher levels allow comparison of multiple probabilistic models relative to data and abstract domain principles. And these hierarchies can be further ...
... hierarchy. At the lowest level of this hierarchy are structured probabilistic models that are explicit hypotheses on the distribution of observations. Higher levels allow comparison of multiple probabilistic models relative to data and abstract domain principles. And these hierarchies can be further ...
Chapter 02 Neuroscience and Behavior
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... initially trained with a 250-ms ISI learned comparably to controls, but those initially trained with a 750-ms ISI were severely impaired. These results suggest that functional input from cerebellar cortex becomes increasingly important for the interpositus nucleus to learn delay eyeblink conditionin ...
... initially trained with a 250-ms ISI learned comparably to controls, but those initially trained with a 750-ms ISI were severely impaired. These results suggest that functional input from cerebellar cortex becomes increasingly important for the interpositus nucleus to learn delay eyeblink conditionin ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... Common to all biologically meaningful learning is the engagement of multiple distinct phases and sub-processes that are governed by different, sometimes widely distributed, brain structures. Rabbit eyeblink conditioning (Gormezano et al., 1962), where a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. a tone) ...
... Common to all biologically meaningful learning is the engagement of multiple distinct phases and sub-processes that are governed by different, sometimes widely distributed, brain structures. Rabbit eyeblink conditioning (Gormezano et al., 1962), where a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. a tone) ...
introduction to the Structure and Function of the Nervous System
... Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC the language function, which consists of the endocrine activities. It This structure helps reguT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION process of receiving, interpreting, and integratlate the body’s internal environment and behaving visual and auditory ...
... Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC the language function, which consists of the endocrine activities. It This structure helps reguT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION process of receiving, interpreting, and integratlate the body’s internal environment and behaving visual and auditory ...
FREE Sample Here
... difference in the way rubella would affect the unborn child at these two times is an example of a) b) c) d) ...
... difference in the way rubella would affect the unborn child at these two times is an example of a) b) c) d) ...