Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... average values reported by [13] for male speakers. It can be seen that the generated vowel transforms are in line with the vowel distribution clouds produced from natural speech of a single speaker [14]. All transforms were checked by human subjects to ensure that they were recognisable as either an ...
... average values reported by [13] for male speakers. It can be seen that the generated vowel transforms are in line with the vowel distribution clouds produced from natural speech of a single speaker [14]. All transforms were checked by human subjects to ensure that they were recognisable as either an ...
Cortex-inspired Developmental Learning for Vision-based Navigation, Attention and Recognition
... to automatically generate internal representations, without a need of human programmers to pre-design task-specific (symbolic) concepts. Its balanced coarse-to-fine tree structure guaranteed real-time retrieval in self-generated high-dimensional state space. K-Nearest Neighbor strategy was adopted in ...
... to automatically generate internal representations, without a need of human programmers to pre-design task-specific (symbolic) concepts. Its balanced coarse-to-fine tree structure guaranteed real-time retrieval in self-generated high-dimensional state space. K-Nearest Neighbor strategy was adopted in ...
Chapter 5 Learning to attend in primary visual cortex
... window centered on a red fixation point (FP in Fig. 1a). After an interval of 300 ms, the stimulus appeared on the screen. It consisted of two curves starting at two different small icons. The monkey was presented with a new pair of icons each day, one of which was relevant and the other was to be i ...
... window centered on a red fixation point (FP in Fig. 1a). After an interval of 300 ms, the stimulus appeared on the screen. It consisted of two curves starting at two different small icons. The monkey was presented with a new pair of icons each day, one of which was relevant and the other was to be i ...
PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING - Department of Psychology
... Key Words naturalistic conditioned stimuli, ecological learning, object learning, conditioned modifications of unconditioned behavior, adaptive significance of learning ■ Abstract From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre- ...
... Key Words naturalistic conditioned stimuli, ecological learning, object learning, conditioned modifications of unconditioned behavior, adaptive significance of learning ■ Abstract From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre- ...
LEARninG - numerons
... In contrast, the link between the tone and salivation was established through conditioning. It is therefore called a conditioned association. Thus, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. Th ...
... In contrast, the link between the tone and salivation was established through conditioning. It is therefore called a conditioned association. Thus, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. Th ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... What are the physiological changes that take place in the brain when we solve a problem or learn a new skill? It is commonly assumed that behavior adaptations are realized on the microscopic level by changes in synaptic efficacies. However, this is hard to verify experimentally due to the difficulti ...
... What are the physiological changes that take place in the brain when we solve a problem or learn a new skill? It is commonly assumed that behavior adaptations are realized on the microscopic level by changes in synaptic efficacies. However, this is hard to verify experimentally due to the difficulti ...
PAV LOVIAN CONDITIONING AFunctional Perspe ctive
... Key Words naturalistic conditioned stimuli, ecological learning, object learning, conditioned modifications of unconditioned behavior, adaptive significance of learning ■ Abstract From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre- ...
... Key Words naturalistic conditioned stimuli, ecological learning, object learning, conditioned modifications of unconditioned behavior, adaptive significance of learning ■ Abstract From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre- ...
A Computational Model of the Amygdala Nuclei`s Role in - laral
... especially in most sophisticated ones like mammals. Some of the most important mechanisms underlying learning are those studied in classical (Pavlovian) conditioning experiments. In these experiments an animal experiences a systematic association between a neutral stimulus, for example a light (the ...
... especially in most sophisticated ones like mammals. Some of the most important mechanisms underlying learning are those studied in classical (Pavlovian) conditioning experiments. In these experiments an animal experiences a systematic association between a neutral stimulus, for example a light (the ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be ...
... which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a task in which randomly moving dots indicated to the monkey which of the two targets was to be ...
Domjan (2005) - pm.appstate.edu
... Key Words naturalistic conditioned stimuli, ecological learning, object learning, conditioned modifications of unconditioned behavior, adaptive significance of learning ■ Abstract From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre- ...
... Key Words naturalistic conditioned stimuli, ecological learning, object learning, conditioned modifications of unconditioned behavior, adaptive significance of learning ■ Abstract From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre- ...
Matching tutor to student: rules and mechanisms for
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... The above described mechanism makes a change in synaptic efficacy dependent on the temporal relation between pre- and postsynaptic activity. In particular, it will be strongly affected by the temporal relation between the inhibition and excitation a neuron receives and its own activity. Neurons whic ...
... The above described mechanism makes a change in synaptic efficacy dependent on the temporal relation between pre- and postsynaptic activity. In particular, it will be strongly affected by the temporal relation between the inhibition and excitation a neuron receives and its own activity. Neurons whic ...
Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
... characteristic. (A) and (B) adapted from Mirenowicz and Schultz (1994); (C) adapted from Schultz, Dayan, and Montague (1997)—note the difference in the timescale of C. The absolute magnitudes of the firing rates in this plot and the other plots of neural activity are rendered a little arbitrary by t ...
... characteristic. (A) and (B) adapted from Mirenowicz and Schultz (1994); (C) adapted from Schultz, Dayan, and Montague (1997)—note the difference in the timescale of C. The absolute magnitudes of the firing rates in this plot and the other plots of neural activity are rendered a little arbitrary by t ...
Learning in the oculomotor system: from molecules to behavior
... Studies of the neural mechanisms of learning generally have proceeded on two separate and parallel levels. At one level, neuroanatomical structures involved in particular types of learning have been identified. At another level, molecular pathways involved in synaptic plasticity have been identified ...
... Studies of the neural mechanisms of learning generally have proceeded on two separate and parallel levels. At one level, neuroanatomical structures involved in particular types of learning have been identified. At another level, molecular pathways involved in synaptic plasticity have been identified ...
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Second Edition
... • Involved in the involuntary emotional aspects of behavior – memories of past pleasant or unpleasant experiences affect how we act in certain situations. • Associated with emotions such as pain, pleasure, fear, rage, sorrow, sexual feelings, affection, anger and docility depending on the area of th ...
... • Involved in the involuntary emotional aspects of behavior – memories of past pleasant or unpleasant experiences affect how we act in certain situations. • Associated with emotions such as pain, pleasure, fear, rage, sorrow, sexual feelings, affection, anger and docility depending on the area of th ...
The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced
... clearly requires physiological characterization of these brain circuits and their plastic properties. New experimental preparations, such as the isolated brain, brain slice preparations, and a preparation for stimulating recording in freely moving animals,16,27,28 now allow neurophysiological explor ...
... clearly requires physiological characterization of these brain circuits and their plastic properties. New experimental preparations, such as the isolated brain, brain slice preparations, and a preparation for stimulating recording in freely moving animals,16,27,28 now allow neurophysiological explor ...
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala
... and the accessory basal nucleus (Amaral et al., 1992). Both these structures receive inputs from the lateral nucleus and can be seen as intermediate processing stages. Finally, the information reaches the central and medial nuclei that constitute the main output region of the amygdala (Amaral et al. ...
... and the accessory basal nucleus (Amaral et al., 1992). Both these structures receive inputs from the lateral nucleus and can be seen as intermediate processing stages. Finally, the information reaches the central and medial nuclei that constitute the main output region of the amygdala (Amaral et al. ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... system to be very robust to such variability. In contrast, the chaining mechanism present in the TD algorithm is designed to work optimally when there is a very reliable sequence of events leading from the CS to the US. Intuitively, the chain between CS and US must remain unbroken for the predictive ...
... system to be very robust to such variability. In contrast, the chaining mechanism present in the TD algorithm is designed to work optimally when there is a very reliable sequence of events leading from the CS to the US. Intuitively, the chain between CS and US must remain unbroken for the predictive ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... brain report errors in the prediction of reward has been a powerful (though not undisputed) organizing force for a wealth of experimental data (see Schultz et al., 1997; Schultz, 2002 [this issue of Neuron]; Montague and Berns, 2002 [this issue of Neuron]). This theory derives from reinforcement lea ...
... brain report errors in the prediction of reward has been a powerful (though not undisputed) organizing force for a wealth of experimental data (see Schultz et al., 1997; Schultz, 2002 [this issue of Neuron]; Montague and Berns, 2002 [this issue of Neuron]). This theory derives from reinforcement lea ...
What We Know and Do Not Know about the Functions of the
... Figure 1. Neural responses in both rat and human OFC during reversal learning signal expectations of a subsequent reward outcome. A, Illustration of generic discrimination reversal task in which the subject is presented with two stimuli and on each trial gets to choose one. One of the stimuli, if ch ...
... Figure 1. Neural responses in both rat and human OFC during reversal learning signal expectations of a subsequent reward outcome. A, Illustration of generic discrimination reversal task in which the subject is presented with two stimuli and on each trial gets to choose one. One of the stimuli, if ch ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... signal that instructs learning, and synaptic plasticity, across CS–US pairings. Aversive USs might act as teaching signals to trigger plasticity at CS input synapses to the LA, at least in part, by causing depolarization and action potential firing in LA neurons while CS inputs are active [9,10]. Th ...
... signal that instructs learning, and synaptic plasticity, across CS–US pairings. Aversive USs might act as teaching signals to trigger plasticity at CS input synapses to the LA, at least in part, by causing depolarization and action potential firing in LA neurons while CS inputs are active [9,10]. Th ...
A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement
... Grossberg (1991a, 1991b) and Grossberg (1991). These models have also been incorporated into the control architecture of freely moving adaptive robots for use in technology (Baloch and Waxman, 1991a, 1991b). The present article further develops a part of the theory, introduced in Grossberg and Schma ...
... Grossberg (1991a, 1991b) and Grossberg (1991). These models have also been incorporated into the control architecture of freely moving adaptive robots for use in technology (Baloch and Waxman, 1991a, 1991b). The present article further develops a part of the theory, introduced in Grossberg and Schma ...
Review The Neural Basis of Perceptual Learning
... location of the trained stimulus must avail itself of the positional information present in early visual areas. A number of psychophysical studies have found specificity for the location in visual space where the training task was presented. In motion discrimination tasks, the gain in performance wi ...
... location of the trained stimulus must avail itself of the positional information present in early visual areas. A number of psychophysical studies have found specificity for the location in visual space where the training task was presented. In motion discrimination tasks, the gain in performance wi ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... (S–R) learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can occur without conscious awareness. This paper proposes that one aspect of basal ganglia-based learning is the recoding of cortically derived information within the striatum. Modular corticostriatal proj ...
... (S–R) learning. These forms of learning have the property of slow acquisition and, in humans, can occur without conscious awareness. This paper proposes that one aspect of basal ganglia-based learning is the recoding of cortically derived information within the striatum. Modular corticostriatal proj ...
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... ron, in actuality there may be hundreds of neurons involved in the learning process (2). Even so, the ability to isolate individual neurons and synapses in culture and in the organism itself has made the study of Aplysia particularly fruitful for understanding the cellular mechanisms of learning. A ...
... ron, in actuality there may be hundreds of neurons involved in the learning process (2). Even so, the ability to isolate individual neurons and synapses in culture and in the organism itself has made the study of Aplysia particularly fruitful for understanding the cellular mechanisms of learning. A ...