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Nanoparticle Biointerfacing via Cell Membrane Cloaking for Emerging
Therapeutic Applications
Cell membranes present a unique interface that governs numerous biological events in
physiology as well as in disease pathogenesis; exploiting this interface for therapeutic development
promises novel treatment modalities with biomimetic functionalities. Herein I report a nanoparticle
functionalization strategy that cloaks particles with natural cellular membranes derived from several
cellular targets. Refinement of the technique has enabled cell membranes to conform over
nanoparticles in a unilamellar and right-side-out manner, effectively functionalizing the particles
with membrane lipids and associated membrane proteins. The technique has been applied to cellular
membranes derived from red blood cells, platelets, and cancer cells, and the resulting nanoparticles
have been shown to adopt numerous cell-like functionalities, including biomimetic interactions with
the immune system, toxins, pathogens, and endothelium. Several therapeutic applications, such as
long-circulating drug delivery, targeted drug delivery, biodetoxification, and vaccine preparation,
were demonstrated with the cell membrane cloaked nanoparticles in animal models. The biomimetic
nanoparticles have significant therapeutic potentials in treating cancer, cardiovascular disease,
autoimmune disease, and infection.