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Name ___________________________________Date _______________ Period____ Unit 3: Cell Processes Test Review –KEY–2015 I. TEKS: 4B: Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules. 5B: Examine specialized cells, including roots, stems and leaves of plants; and animal cells such as blood, muscle and epithelium. 9B: Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter. 10C: Analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels of to each other and the whole system. II. Questions: 1. Explain what happens to the shape of a cell placed in the various osmotic conditions: A. Circle the correct choice. Through the process of osmosis, water will move (inside / outside /equally inside & out of) the cell when in a hypertonic solution, and the cell will shrink. B. Circle the correct choice. Through the process of osmosis, water will move (inside / outside /equally inside & out of) the cell when in a hypotonic solution, and the cell will expand. C. Circle the correct choice. Through the process of osmosis, water will move (inside / outside /equally inside & out of) the cell when in an isotonic solution, and the cell will retain its normal shape. D. On the diagrams below, indicate which example is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic. a. Are these plant or animal cells? 1. Hypertonic 2. Isotonic 3. Hypotonic 2. The cell membrane only allows certain molecules in and out of the cell. It is said to beA. Impermeable B. Unpermeable C. Selectively permeable D. Exclusively permeable 3. Label the structures of the cell membrane on the diagram below. A. Phospholipid B. C. D. E. F. G. H. A1 polar head; hydrophilic (loves water) A2 nonpolar lipid tails; hydrophobic (hates water) Glycolipid-lipid with carbohydrate attached Glycoprotein-protein with a carbohydrate attached Carbohydrate chain Cholesterol Peripheral (surface) protein; does not go through lipid bilayer Channel/integral protein; goes through lipid bilayer and I. Lipid bilayer 4. Based on the illustration below, which direction will water move, and what will happen to the cell? Water will move into the cell, and the will swell and could burst. 70% water 30% salt 40% water 60% salt 5. The concept map below shows the flow of energy and materials in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which molecules are represented in the figure by the number 1? Figure 1 will be the products of photosynthesis, which are glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2) 6. Which of the following correctly describes how a diagram of cellular respiration would differ from a diagram of photosynthesis? A. The cellular-respiration diagram would show electromagnetic waves as the final product. B. The cellular-respiration diagram would show glucose as the main source of energy. C. The cellular-respiration diagram would show energy stored in large protein molecules. D. The cellular-respiration diagram would show water as the main source of chemical energy. e The diagrams below represent three cellular processes. The arrows below each lettered process indicate where the process takes place. ATP, CO2 Glucose Glucose CO2 A Process B Lactic Acid Glucose Process C 7. For each letter, identify the name of the process, organelle/structure that performs the process, and the products formed. Process Process A Name Aerobic cell respiration Organelle/Structure Mitochondrion Process B Photosynthesis Chloroplast Process C Anaerobic cell respiration Muscle cell cytoplasm Products CO2 (carbon dioxide gas) and H2O (water) C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2 (oxygen gas) Lactic acid 8. Cyanide is a substance that binds to molecules involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the— a. Cell wall b. Golgi apparatus c. Mitochondria d. Ribosomes 9. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in your body woulda. happen too fast b. occur at much the same rate they do now c. require a different pH d. occur too slow to support life processes 10. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells are eukaryotic. Select the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. a. Eukaryotic cells are round. b. Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane. c. Eukaryotic cells are able to multiply. d. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus 11. Label stomata in the image below and label the cells that surround the stomata. Give the function for these cells, and explain how their structure relates to their function. Guard cells surround small openings called stomata; guard cells fill with water to open and lose water to close. Stomata are where oxygen and carbon dioxide gases enter and exit the leaf. The ability of the guard cells to gain or lose water helps maintain their shapes, which contribute to their function to open or close the stomata. 12. Name the organic macromolecule for each structure below and give a function for each. A. C. B. D. Structure A. Fatty Acid Organic Macromolecule Lipids B. Amino acid C. Glucose D. Nucleotide Protein Carbohydrate Nucleic acid Function Store energy; make up cell membranes Enzymes; build repair tissue Primary source of energy Store genetic information 13. Explain how the replication cycles shown below are different. Both cycles show how viruses can infect host cells. In the lytic cycle virus injects its DNA/RNA in the host, where it makes copies of itself, and causes the host cell to make viral parts and proteins, then the host cell bursts/lyse and releases new viruses. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus releases its DNA/RNA into the host cell, and the viral DNA is replicated indefinitely along with the host cell DNA, while remaining dormant for a period of time. Eventually the virus in the lysogenic cycle enters the lytic cycle.