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Unit 3: Cell Processes Test Review –KEY–2015
I. TEKS:
4B: Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of
molecules, and synthesis of new molecules.
5B: Examine specialized cells, including roots, stems and leaves of plants; and animal cells such as blood,
muscle and epithelium.
9B: Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and
matter.
10C: Analyze the levels of organization in biological systems and relate the levels of to each other and the whole
system.
II. Questions:
1. Explain what happens to the shape of a cell placed in the various osmotic conditions:
A. Circle the correct choice. Through the process of osmosis, water will move (inside / outside /equally inside &
out of) the cell when in a hypertonic solution, and the cell will shrink.
B. Circle the correct choice. Through the process of osmosis, water will move (inside / outside /equally inside &
out of) the cell when in a hypotonic solution, and the cell will expand.
C. Circle the correct choice. Through the process of osmosis, water will move (inside / outside /equally inside
& out of) the cell when in an isotonic solution, and the cell will retain its normal shape.
D. On the diagrams below, indicate which example is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
a. Are these plant or animal cells?
1. Hypertonic
2. Isotonic
3. Hypotonic
2. The cell membrane only allows certain molecules in and out of the cell. It is said to beA. Impermeable
B. Unpermeable
C. Selectively permeable
D. Exclusively permeable
3. Label the structures of the cell membrane on the diagram below.
A. Phospholipid
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
A1 polar head; hydrophilic (loves water)
A2 nonpolar lipid tails; hydrophobic (hates water)
Glycolipid-lipid with carbohydrate attached
Glycoprotein-protein with a carbohydrate attached
Carbohydrate chain
Cholesterol
Peripheral (surface) protein; does not go through
lipid bilayer
Channel/integral protein; goes through lipid bilayer
and I. Lipid bilayer
4. Based on the illustration below, which direction will water move, and what will happen to the cell? Water will move into
the cell, and the will swell and could burst.
70% water
30% salt
40% water
60% salt
5. The concept map below shows the flow of energy and materials in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which molecules are
represented in the figure by the number 1? Figure 1 will be the products of photosynthesis, which are glucose (C6H12O6) and
oxygen gas (O2)
6. Which of the following correctly describes how a diagram of cellular respiration would differ from a diagram of photosynthesis?
A. The cellular-respiration diagram would show electromagnetic waves as the final product.
B. The cellular-respiration diagram would show glucose as the main source of energy.
C. The cellular-respiration diagram would show energy stored in large protein molecules.
D. The cellular-respiration diagram would show water as the main source of chemical energy.
e The diagrams below represent three cellular processes. The arrows below each lettered process indicate where the process takes place.
ATP,
CO2
Glucose
Glucose
CO2
A
Process
B
Lactic
Acid
Glucose
Process
C
7. For each letter, identify the name of the process, organelle/structure that performs the process, and the products formed.
Process
Process A
Name
Aerobic cell respiration
Organelle/Structure
Mitochondrion
Process B
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Process C
Anaerobic cell respiration
Muscle cell cytoplasm
Products
CO2 (carbon dioxide gas) and
H2O (water)
C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2
(oxygen gas)
Lactic acid
8. Cyanide is a substance that binds to molecules involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to
cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the—
a. Cell wall
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
9. Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in your body woulda. happen too fast
b. occur at much the same rate they do now
c. require a different pH
d. occur too slow to support life processes
10. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells are eukaryotic. Select the main difference between
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
a. Eukaryotic cells are round.
b. Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane.
c. Eukaryotic cells are able to multiply.
d. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus
11. Label stomata in the image below and label the cells that surround the stomata. Give the function for these cells, and explain
how their structure relates to their function.
Guard cells surround small openings called stomata;
guard cells fill with water to open and lose water to
close. Stomata are where oxygen and carbon dioxide
gases enter and exit the leaf. The ability of the guard
cells to gain or lose water helps maintain their shapes,
which contribute to their function to open or close the
stomata.
12. Name the organic macromolecule for each structure below and give a function for each.
A.
C.
B.
D.
Structure
A. Fatty Acid
Organic Macromolecule
Lipids
B. Amino acid
C. Glucose
D. Nucleotide
Protein
Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid
Function
Store energy; make up cell
membranes
Enzymes; build repair tissue
Primary source of energy
Store genetic information
13. Explain how the replication cycles shown below are different. Both cycles show how viruses can infect host cells. In the
lytic cycle virus injects its DNA/RNA in the host, where it makes copies of itself, and causes the host cell to
make viral parts and proteins, then the host cell bursts/lyse and releases new viruses. In the lysogenic cycle,
the virus releases its DNA/RNA into the host cell, and the viral DNA is replicated indefinitely along with the
host cell DNA, while remaining dormant for a period of time. Eventually the virus in the lysogenic cycle
enters the lytic cycle.